enhancement to conventional cruise control systems [see Conventional Cruise Control], which allows the subject vehicle to follow a forward vehicle at an appropriate distance by controlling the engine and/or power train and potentially the brake

actions which the system performs to influence the lateral movement of the subject vehicle with the intention of helping the driver to keep the vehicle within the lane

function that causes application of the brake(s), not applied by the driver, in this case controlled by the ACC system

system that drives the vehicle without the driver being in the vehicle control loop, e.g. without a hand on the steering wheel or feet on the pedals failure mechanical or electronic malfunction which causes a persistent loss of performance or function

NOTE 1 to entry: Temporary performance reductions, for example due to bad weather conditions, bad lane markings, or temporarily occurring sensor blindness, are not considered a failure.

lateral distance between the longitudinal centerlines of a subject vehicle (SV) and a target vehicle (TV), measured as a percentage of the width of the SV, such that if the centers of the two vehicles are aligned, the value is zero

SRB FVCMS countermeasure that reduces the subject vehicle speed by activating the brakes allowing the driver time to analyse and respond to a potential collision, which may have the additional effect of drawing driver attention to hazards ahead of the subject vehicle (SV)

any vehicle that is closing on the subject vehicle from behind, or any vehicle that is located in one of the adjacent zones

part in which the forces opposing the movement of the vehicle develop

NOTE 1 It can be a friction brake (when the forces are generated by friction between two parts of the vehicle moving relatively to one another); an electrical brake (when the forces are generated by electro-magnetic action between two parts of the vehicle moving relatively but not in contact with one another); a fluid brake (when the forces are generated by the action of a fluid situated between two parts of the vehicle moving relatively to one another); an engine brake (when the forces are derived from an artificial increase in the braking action, transmitted to the wheels, of the engine).

time needed for a vehicle approaching the intersection at a speed of v to travel the distance, X, from its current location to the stop line

calculated time to lane departure

NOTE 1 to entry: For example, the most simple calculation method of this time (TTLC) is to divide lateral distance (D) between the predetermined part of the vehicle and the lane boundary by rate of departure (V_depart) of the vehicle relative to the lane. (TTLC = D/V_depart)

system that gives an indication to the driver, when the reverse gear is selected, whether there are objects in the monitoring range

alarm that is issued when the warning conditions have not been fulfilled

the lane change warning function is defined as a function that includes the blind spot warning function and the closing vehicle warning function

the closing vehicle warning function is defined as a function that detects closing vehicles in one or more of the rear zones and warns the driver per the requirements given in ISO 17387

borderline of the lane that is determined by a visible lane marking; and in the absence of a visible lane marking, by incidental visible road features or other means such as GPS, magnetic nails, etc

NOTE 1 to entry: In the case of a visible lane marking, the boundary is at the center thereof.

indication presented to the driver that the ERBA system has completed its state transition from OFF (or standby) to ON and is now ready for operational use

NOTE The method of presentation of this indication may be visual or audible or any combination so desired by the system designer.

provides the driver information on the specific distance between the subject vehicle and the obstacle

area of roadway that a vehicle would be expected to travel along in the absence of any obstruction without the driver’s desire to change the path of travel

system capable of controlling the speed of a vehicle as set by the driver

system is switched on but the activation criteria are not all met

system is switched on

optical radar reflectivity of the target, which is defined as the radiated intensity towards the receiver (Iref - W/sr) measured at target level, immediately after the reflection; divided by the intensity of irradiation received from the transmitter (Et - W/m2) measured at target level, immediately before the reflection

NOTE 1 to entry: The units for RCTT value are in m2/sr.

distance from the point where a variable message sign becomes no longer readable to the place where the variable message sign is located

the minimum subject vehicle (SV) speed for which FVCMS must be capable of activating a countermeasure

function that allows the subject vehicle to follow a forward vehicle in low speed ranges such as congested traffic at an appropriate distance by controlling the engine and/or power train and the brakes

innermost limit of the warning threshold

object in front of the subject vehicle which is stationary

distance from the forward vehicle's trailing surface to the subject vehicle's leading surface

smooth-flowing and heavy traffic excluding stop and go and emergency braking situations

object in front of the subject vehicle that is moving at less than MAX [1,0 m/s, 10 % of the subject vehicle speed] in the direction of the centreline of the subject vehicle

system which, at low speeds (< 0,5 m/s), is capable of informing the driver of the presence of stationary obstacles in particular areas in close proximity to the subject vehicle, mainly during parking and manoeuvring in narrow passages

the minimum deceleration that, if constant, would enable the subject vehicle to match the path velocity of the target vehicle without contacting the target vehicle and thus prevent a collision

NOTE Consideration of the target vehicle deceleration DTV is optional. When not used, it shall take a value of zero.

situation in which the target vehicle changes lanes from behind a preceding vehicle

a definable element of a system, which forms part of a component or system, but does not necessarily have independent operational functionality

real-time parameter that signifies the urgency of a potential future collision

component which detects objects in at least part of the region entirely ahead of the front bumper

the adjacent zones are the zones to the left and right of the subject vehicle

NOTE 1 to entry Note that the adjacent zones are intended to cover the lanes adjacent to the subject vehicle. However, the position and size of the adjacent zones are defined with respect to the subject vehicle, and are independent of any lane markings.

segment of road which curvature is less than 1/5 000 m

measure of the reflective strength of a radar target measured in square meters, and defined as 4π times the ratio of the power per unit solid angle scattered in a specified direction to the power per unit area in a radio wave incident on the scatterer from a specified direction

difference between the longitudinal velocities of the subject vehicle (SV) and the target vehicle (TV), vr(t), given by the equation; equivalently the rate of change with respect to time of the distance between the two vehicles

NOTE A positive value of relative velocity indicates that the target vehicle is moving faster than the subject vehicle, and that the distance between them is increasing with time vr (t)= vTV (t )−vSV (t).

component of subject vehicle’s approach velocity at a right angle to the lane boundary

is a mechanical or electronic malfunction which causes a persistent loss of performance or function

NOTE Temporary performance reductions, e.g. due to bad weather conditions, bad lane markings or temporarily occurring sensor blindness are not a failure.

specific three-dimensional space around the vehicle, which is divided into rear and front corner m.r., front, rear-1 and rear-2 m.r

NOTE The covered monitoring ranges depend on the intended use of the system.

visible patterns on the road surface that were not explicitly intended to delineate the boundaries of the lane, but which are indicative of the position of the lane

NOTE 1 to entry: These can include such features as pavement seams or edges and curbs.

collision between the subject vehicle (SV) and a forward vehicle (FV)

state in which the system controls speed and/or clearance

direct access for activation of FSRA active state is disabled

condition where the system controls the clearance to the target vehicle according to the selected time gap

state in which there is no longitudinal control by ACC system and the system is ready for activation by the driver

state in which the system controls the clearance to the target vehicle according to the selected time gap

state in which the system controls the speed according to the set speed

state in which the system is active during subject vehicle standstill

one of several stages or phases of system operation

vehicle systems meeting the requirements of ISO 22839 that assess the likelihood of a collision between the front of the subject vehicle (SV) and the rear of a target vehicle (TV), and when such a collision is very likely, activates the brakes automatically to reduce the relative speed at which the SV and TV may collide

angle between the straight-ahead position and the current position (heading) of the wheels relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle

condition whereby the value of the described parameter does not change with respect to time, distance, etc.

location where the warning is issued on the road, which corresponds to a warning trigger point set in the system

NOTE 1 In the case of TTLC, the warning threshold shifts depending on the rate of departure.

NOTE 2 The warning threshold is placed within the warning threshold placement zone.

delineators intentionally placed on the borderline of the lane that are directly visible by the driver while driving (e.g. not covered by snow, etc.)

NOTE Refer to ISO 17361 Annex A for country 165 specific visible lane marking definitions.

vehicles, both moving and stationary, considered potential hazards that can be detected by this system

EXAMPLE Motor vehicles only, that is cars, trucks, buses, and motorcycles.

vehicle in front of the SV, which is moving in the same direction and travelling in the same path, or which is oriented in the same direction if it is not moving

act of driving to the inner side of a curve, which can lead to an intentional lane departure

information that the system gives to the driver indicating the need for urgent action to avoid or reduce the severity of a potential rear end collision with another forward vehicle

NOTE 1 to entry: This warning is issued in the advanced stages of a dangerous situation to warn the driver of the need to perform emergency braking, lane changing or other emergency manoeuvres in order to avoid a collision.

the rear zones are the zones which are behind and to the sides of the subject vehicle

NOTE The rear zones are intended to cover the lanes adjacent to the subject vehicle. However, the position and size of the rear zones are defined with respect to the subject vehicle, and are independent of any lane markings.

object with a specific material, geometry and surface for testing the monitoring range

NOTE This test object should give comparable results for the relevant sensor types.

zone between the two earliest warning lines

zone between the earliest and the latest warning lines within which the warning threshold is placed

NOTE There is one warning threshold placement zone around the left lane boundary and one around the right lane boundary.