closeness in time of the (geographic) data to the present reality

API ISO context specification interface and set of function calls between application software and data access libraries of vehicle navigation systems

zero-dimensional element that specifies geometric location specified by one coordinate pair or triplet

location point captured in the location reference core, which forms the start point of a path external to the location

NOTE 1 to entry: Connection points are used to connect a location reference extension to a location reference core and to connect linear locations to form a subnetwork. The connection point is identified using its connection point index.

NOTE 2 to entry: The connection point index is implicitly defined by the order of the points in a location reference.

extent to which all specified Features are present

location to be used as the end location of a journey for a route guidance application

hierarchical data structure which on a next lower level subdivides a given area into four quadrants of the same size where any level has knowledge of its four sublevels and its parent level

information about services, which is supplied by third party data providers (e.g. tourist or motoring organizations), typically with a rich content of descriptive data

object for data storage that can be considered as a physically undivided whole

EXAMPLE One floppy disk, one magnetic tape, a CD, or a DVD.

collection of related data records having a homogeneous structure

characteristic of a geographic object, usually stored in an attribute

EXAMPLE Road names or road numbers.

structured set of digital and alphanumeric data portraying geographic locations and relationships of spatial features

Note 1 to entry: Typically, such structures represent, but are not limited to, the digital form of hard copy maps. For example, drawings can be imported into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and considered as a form of digital map.

the recommended route is a route calculated by the CDRG infrastructure and sent to the invehicle unit

data model entity that provides the traffic restrictions such as one way or turn restrictions for route calculation purposes

any feature from the Roads and Ferries feature theme of the GDF

data model entity that provides the detailed text of the road signage on the Road Element

NOTE 1 to entry: Route Guidance is one of the six application categories elements and joining two intersections, serving as the smallest independent unit of a road network at GDF level 2.

set of two coordinates (one longitude value and one latitude value), representing a position on the earth model

small part of an area enclosed by another area, seen from the area to which that part belongs

two-dimensional face on the surface of the earth, with a specified outline either being a simple geometric figure or an irregular outline/polygon

software process of matching a street address or other geographic entity against a map database in order to derive the geographic co-ordinates of the address or the associated street segment

set of points and a set of arrows, with each arrow joining one point to another, whereby the points are called Nodes of the graph, and the arrows are called the Edges of the graph

major roads are subject to route guidance by the Interactive CDRG system

NOTE These are roads on which management personnel at the traffic control centre consider important such as national highways and other arterial roads with large amounts of traffic.

specific quality or quantity assigned to an Attribute

percentage of falsehoods

identifier that is uniquely assigned to a link

NOTE 1 to entry: A link identifier can be arbitrary or can be assigned by convention, to ensure that no multiple occurrences of the same identifier will be used within one instance of a network or map database.

selection of road segments to be referenced belonging to a certain area (subnetwork)

NOTE 1 to entry: One implicit area can be built up of multiple subnetworks that are geographically connected.

the infrastructure handles communications with each vehicle; installed alongside the road, the infrastructure collects data from each vehicle, provides data to the vehicle and performs any related information processing

point or set of points that is available in any location reference

protocol providing a platform-independent way for applications to communicate with each other over the internet

NOTE SOAP technology relies on XML to define the format of the information and then adds the necessary HTTP headers to send it.

basic sub-function within the set of functionality for vehicle navigation and traveller information system applications

NOTE ISO TS 17931 identifies six application categories: positioning; route planning; route guidance; map display; address location; services and POI information access.

alphanumeric identifier for an Attribute type

intersection that consists at least of two or more junctions and one or more road elements

area regarded as a geographical unit, which is defined by the delivery of a specific public or private sector service

location where two or more roads connect or intersect

NOTE 1 to entry: A road crossing can be “simple”, corresponding to one junction, or “complex”, including internal road elements and junctions.

crossing and/or connection of two or more roads

NOTE In GDF, an intersection is a Level 2 representation of a junction which bounds a road or a ferry. It is a complex feature, composed of one or more Level 1 junctions, road elements and enclosed traffic areas. The definition is different from GDF because the location referencing system refers to real-world objects rather than a database definition as defined in GDF.

one-dimensional Feature defined as a sequence of one or more Edges

minimum duration of the curve test after entering the curve

maximum lateral jerk which is allowed to be induced by a lane keeping action

range of Attribute Values to which a meaning has been assigned

a conceptual data store which is embedded in an ITS station and which contains topographical, positional and status information

ordered sequence of a Road Element, a Junction and one or more Road Elements, and optionally associated with a Traffic Sign

data model entity that represents geometrical information for display purposes

NOTE A cartographic feature has non-explicit topology; it has zero-, one- and two-dimensional types, i.e. Display Point, Polyline, and Polygon.

point, other than a Node, that defines the shape of an Edge

local streets are all roads other than major roads

any kind of data other than conventional data

EXAMPLE Graphic, audio or visual data.

multi-mode route guidance provides route guidance under the combined operation of the Interactive CDRG, LDRG and SRG systems

data model entity that provides the time or monetary cost between the entrance Link and exit Link of Intersection for calculating route

data model entity that provides background images upon which the road network of an area may be displayed

application category that deals with the determination of vehicle location and map matching

NOTE Positioning is one of the six application categories supported by the API.

data model entity that provides information about an approaching condition on a road that may require some action by the driver of a vehicle

name associated with a Feature Class

data model entity that provides the name of an Intersection. An Intersection may have one or more names corresponding to the direction of entering into the intersection

name associated with a Relationship Type

unit of geographic space defined by two parallels of min./max. latitude and by two meridians of min./max. longitude and that represents the coverage area of the map data enclosed by or located on its outline

administrative area of the types: Order-i Area, Country, Supra-National Area, Administrative Place A-Z or Named Area Feature of the types: Built-up Area, Named Area, District

pair of values subtracted from all coordinate values in order to shorten these coordinate values

Attribute Type that may have multiple values associated to one and the same instance of a particular Feature Class

road section signature of a side road section

information related to link(s) composed of condition type, condition modifiers, and condition scope

reference label which is assigned to a location

NOTE 1 to entry: With a single LRM, one reference shall define unambiguously and exactly one location in the location referencing system. The reference is the string of data which is passed between different implementations of a location referencing system to identify the location.

plurality of road segments lying in geographical or topological conjunction to each other

simple or compound geographic object to be referenced by a location reference

NOTE 1 to entry: A location is matched to database objects by location definitions, which specify what is meant by a particular location. Without any explicit remark, it is meant to be a linear stretch in terms of topology in the database network without any loops or discontinuities in between (linear location). It might also be only a point in the network as a specialization of a linear stretch with length zero. In addition to that, a location can also be a set of road elements representing an area. This area is expressible by a polygon or a list of linear locations.

two-dimensional location, representing a geographical region on the surface of the earth

location identifiable by a part of the road network database having one identifier or having a uniquely identifiable combination of attributes throughout the continuous stretch

NOTE 1 to entry: One link location can consist of multiple links.

two-dimensional type of cartographic feature

two-dimensional element bounded by a closed sequence of Edges and by zero or more sets of non-intersecting closed sequences of Edges within the first sequence of Edges

NOTE The Face is the atomic two-dimensional element.

data model entity that provides map database features for background display

GDF level 2 feature composed of one, many or no road elements and joining two intersections, serving as the smallest independent unit of a road network at GDF level 2

parcel shaped like a rectangle

NOTE Regular parcels on the same generalization level are not intended to overlap.

data model entity that represents a navigable feature which is either a named GDF junction or named GDF intersection, and that relates a named navigable feature to a set of links and nodes and a place

data model entity that provides the shape data of a cartographic feature for displaying a map

location reference using a unique identifier that is agreed upon in both sender and receiver system to select a location from a set of pre-coded locations

measure of closeness of results of observations, computations, or estimates to the true values or the values accepted as being true

by indicating how the links and major roads ahead of the vehicle’s present position are configured, connecting network information realizes Interactive CDRG even for vehicles not equipped with onboard map databases

translating a location reference to a specific object in a given map database to attempt recognition of the same identified object in both the sender’s and the receiver’s map database

NOTE 1 to entry: Matching is seen as a subsequent part to the method of decoding a location reference adhering to the defined LRM.

application category that deals with the provision of POI information to the navigation application

NOTE one of the six application categories supported by the PSF and the API

data model entity that provides a representative point within a Place

bivalent relationship between place entities, constituting the place tree linking parent and child places ("place A is in place B")

NOTE Place relationship does not imply strict or complete containment. It is attributed as: address significant, official, postal or useful for reverse geocoding.

graph which can be embedded in a plane, meaning that it can be drawn on the plane so that Edges intersect only at a Node mutually incident with them

additional point or set of points, not belonging to the location reference core, available in a location reference under special conditions

semantic or topological interrelation or dependency between locations in the LRS

NOTE Relationships can exist between locations in the LRS. These relationships will generally be structured to allow more sophisticated use of the location reference, such as a topological or hierarchical structure. For example, a county location may be defined as an aggregate of several city locations or a long stretch of road may be an aggregate of several smaller road segments. Referencing the county may be easier than referencing all the cities which make up the county. This allows scalability and ease of use in the LRSs using the LRM.

traffic assignment is the distribution of traffic in response to the needs of both the traffic situation and the intents of management personnel at the traffic control centre in order to realize a safe, smoothly flowing traffic environment

straight section of a link connecting two successive shape points, or a shape point and a node, or two nodes where a link does not contain shape points

spatial subset of a Dataset

NOTE The coverage area of a map sheet, confined by geographic coordinates, can be considered a Section.

data model entity that provides information such as the length, height and slope of bridges and tunnels

data model package that is composed of Road Element, Intersection, Link Cost, Intersection Cost, Traffic Restriction, Special Route and Detailed Special Route

complex attribute attribute consisting of two or more atomic values and/or attributes

elementary element in the road network, connecting two or more road elements

NOTE In GDF terms, it is a Level 1 feature that bounds a road element or ferry connection. Junctions that represent real crossings are at least trivalent (having three roads connected). A bivalent junction may only be defined in case an attribute change occurs along the road (e.g. road name change). A junction is also coded at the end of a dead-end road, to terminate it.

angle between a reference direction and the direction to an object measured clockwise

NOTE 1 to entry: Unless otherwise specified, the reference direction is generally understood to be geographic north.

one of an ordered set of N numbers designating the position of a point in N-dimensional space

NOTE 1 to entry: N would be 1, 2, or 3.

directed topological connection between two nodes, composed of an ordered sequence of one or more segments and represented by an ordered sequence of zero or more shape points

indication of whether a data item is correctly recorded according to a specified data catalogue

under SRG, the vehicle follows a route generated by the in-vehicle unit using only fixed information such as distance and other data stored in onboard map databases

basic component of the road section entity that represents left or right side of a link and corresponds to one or more unique combinations of a navigable feature and a house number range

node at the end of a link from which travel takes place

NOTE See also destination node, “from” node, “to” node, source node, and target node. When a link is travelled in the direction of topological orientation, the origin node is the “from” node. When it is travelled in the direction opposite topological orientation, the origin node is the “to” node.

number of edges which are incident with a particular Node

data model entity that represents an icon associated with a cartographic feature

system which provides a driver with step-by-step driving instructions that are similar to those offered by a LDRG

NOTE With a centrally determined system, the routing instructions are determined at an off-vehicle location and transmitted to the vehicle.

complete system by which location references are generated, according to a location referencing method, and communicated, including standards, definitions, software, hardware, and databases

properties of spatial configuration invariant under continuous transformation

NOTE In a digital map database this means the logical relationships among map features. It can be used to characterize spatial relationships such as connectivity and adjacency.

finite, alternating sequence of nodes and edges, such that every arc is immediately preceded and succeeded by the two vertices with which it is incident and in which no vertex is repeated, except (possibly) the first and the last one

categorization of a Feature

alphanumeric identifier for a Feature Class

data model entity that provides the shape geometry of the Road Element for displaying Road and Positioning

attribute of road section entity that specifies the type of house number ranges

EXAMPLE Distinction between base address, county address, commercial address, etc., or no address.

data model entity that provides cartographic feature by their type (Symbol, Point, Polyline and Polygon)

defined characteristic of a Feature which is dependent on other Features

data model entity that provides the guidance information for a path which is composed of the entrance Link and the exit Link connected to an Intersection

level associated with places of place classification “administrative subdivision”

NOTE Higher/lower level situations are constituted by the occurrence of a parent/child place relationship between places.

road section which is not part of the location to be referenced, but connected to it via an at least trivalent junction

road segment that is bounded by two intersections and has the same attributes throughout

NOTE Generally the two intersections are different, only in some specific cases are the intersections the same, e.g. a tear-drop street or slip roads inside of complex intersections.

node at the end of a link towards which the link is topologically oriented

NOTE See also “from” node, origin node, destination node, source node, and target node. When a link is travelled in the direction of topological orientation, the “to” node is the destination node. When it is travelled in the direction opposite topological orientation, the “to” node is the origin node.

reference source of sufficient Completeness and/or accuracy that may be substituted for Field verification when measuring the Completeness and/or accuracy of map database Features, Attributes, or properties

point having known coordinates in the real world and identifiable with a corresponding point in a map or an aerial photograph or satellite image

certain subset of a Dataset based upon information contents

EXAMPLE Route guidance data may be considered as one layer.

node at the end of a link from which exploration takes place for route calculation

NOTE See also target node, origin node, destination node, “from” node, and “to” node. When forward exploration is taking place from the origin of the route, the source node of a link is its origin node. When reverse exploration is taking place from the destination of the route, the source node of a link is its destination node.

fundamental form from which all other forms can be derived

all transportation elements and all services, including their relationships to transportation elements

implementation dependent construct that consists of an identifiable collection of one or more related Fields

set of characters used in the DNF notation

data model entity that provides a background image of the Road Element and the intersection upon which guidance information is displayed

determination of the address description of a link or node, i.e. determination of an upwards path across the place tree