Abbreviations

Results for area 8 Electronic Fee Collection

term
absolute charging error
definition

difference between the measured charge (toll) value and the actual value as measured by a reference system where a positive error means that the measurement exceeds the actual value.

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term
itinerary trunk
definition

sequence of aggregated data committing to a number of underlying itinerary leaves

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term
front end application
definition

part of the Front End above the API

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term
authenticator
definition

data, possibly encrypted, that is used for authentication

term
automatic number plate recognition (ANPR)
definition

technology that uses optical character recognition on images to read vehicle registration plates

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term
central communication unit
definition

part of the central equipment serving as a mobile communication interface to the OBE

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term
back end
definition

part of the back office system interfacing to one or more front ends

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term
central equipment
definition

system components at fixed centralized locations

NOTE Central equipment is not the same as central system. Central equipment is used in the GNSS/CN based EFC system.

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term
key certification authority (CA)
definition

authority trusted by one or more users to create and assign public-key certificates

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term
foreign power
definition

government or any agency of any state of nation except the state or nation under whose jurisdiction a particular toll schema is being operated

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term
time lock
definition

mechanism ensuring that a new operation can only be commissioned after a configurable period of time or processor clock cycles since the previous operation

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term
action
definition

function that an application process resident at the roadside equipment can invoke in order to make the onboard equipment execute a specific operation during the transaction

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term
transaction counter
definition

data value in the on-board unit that is incremented by the roadside equipment at each transaction

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road usage data
definition

data necessary to calculate the fees accumulated by a road user

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term
vehicle-related data
definition

any kind of data related to the vehicle’s characteristics (including any trailer), its movements, the vehicle driver or the vehicle’s cargo

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term
charging data
definition

toll relevant data produced by the on-board equipment and sent to the Toll Service Provider's back-office systems

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term
charge object detection
definition

event marking the usage of a charge object

NOTE 1 to entry This event refers to the use of a certain object and not to the mechanisms by which detection is produced.

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term
discrete toll scheme
definition

toll scheme where the charge is calculated based on distinct events associated with the identification of charge objects such as crossing a cordon, passing a bridge, being present in an area, etc.

NOTE Each event is associated with a certain charge.

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term
enforcement
definition

measures or actions performed to achieve compliance with laws, regulations, or rules

NOTE 1 to entry In the context of EFC, the process of compelling observance of a toll regime

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term
event detection
definition

element of the system responsible for detecting Chargeable Events associated with a Charge Object

NOTE The output of this element provides the key information to compute a charge in a discrete scheme, or act as input for a function in a continuous scheme (e.g. for zones where distance tariffs apply).

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term
domestic state agency
definition

government or any agency of the state or nation under whose jurisdiction a particular toll schema is being operated

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term
trusted recorder (TR)
definition

logical entity capable of cryptographic functions, used to provide the OBE with security services, including data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication and non-repudiation

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term
EFC service
definition

service for electronic payment offered by a payment service provider

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term
electronic money
definition

value having its equivalence in real money, electronically stored e.g. on a bank account or an IC-card, which thus can be used by the user for payments

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term
electronic fee collection (EFC)
definition

fee collection by electronic means

NOTE The actual payment (collection of the fee) may take place outside the toll system.

term
billing details (BD)
definition

information needed to determine or verify the amount due for the usage of a given service

NOTE 1 to entry If the data is accepted by both the Toll Charger and the Toll Service Provider, then it is called a concluded Billing Detail which can be used to issue a Payment Claim.

NOTE 2 to entry For a given Transport Service, the Billing Detail is referring to one or several valid Toll Declaration(s). A valid Billing Detail has to fulfil formal requirements, including security requirements, agreed between the Toll Service Provider and the Toll Charger.

term
false positive
definition

event that was erroneously detected, but did not take place

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term
charge report (CR)
definition

information containing road usage and related information originated at the Front End

NOTE 1 to entry In 2009/750/EC, Charge Report is referred to as “toll declaration”.

term
element identifier (EID)
definition

unambiguously distinguishes an element from all other elements residing in the same OBU

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term
on-road service integrator (ORSI)
definition

toll service provider that in addition delivers services from various value-added service (VAS)231) providers to its clients

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term
itinerary
definition

travel diary organized in one or more itinerary records enabling assessment of the correctness of the toll declaration

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term
itinerary record (IR)
definition

atomic data element describing use of the road network or use of the vehicle

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trip
definition

part of space-time trajectory of a particular vehicle within a toll domain

NOTE 1 to entry The exact definition of the start and end of trip is dependent on the toll domain and technology approach.

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source
term
short-range communication (SRC)
definition

tolling technique based on transfer of information via a radio connection between a roadside equipment and an on-board equipment

NOTE 1 to entry This includes 5,8 GHz DSRC as well as ITS-G5 and RFID.

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term
localisation augmentation (communication) (LAC)
definition

information sent by the roadside equipment to the on-board equipment to augment the positioning for autonomous systems

term
front end (FE)
definition

part of a tolling system consisting of an OBE and possibly a proxy where road tolling information and usage data are collected and processed for delivery to the Back End

NOTE 1 to entry The Front End comprises the on-board equipment and an optional proxy.

term
toll context
definition

logical view of a toll regime as defined by attributes and functions

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term
context layout
definition

group of attributes of the context data providing the geographic information of the EFC domain

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term
toll context data
definition

information defined by the responsible Toll Charger necessary to establish the toll due for circulating a vehicle on a particular Toll Domain and to conclude the toll transaction

term
context independent itinerary
definition

itinerary of which the syntax and semantics are independent of the toll domain’s context data

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term
context dependent itinerary
definition

itinerary of which the syntax and semantics depend on the toll domain’s context data

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term
secure monitoring compliance checking (SM_CC)
definition

concept that allows a Toll Charger to rely on the trustworthiness of toll declarations produced by Toll Service Providers

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term
cordon
definition

border line of an area

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term
cordon pricing
definition

charging process based on registering passages of a cordon

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term
buyer; customer; ultimate consignee; customer of a toll service provider
definition

person or legal entity that uses the service of a Toll Service Provider

NOTE Depending on the local situation, the customer can be the owner, lessor, lessee, keeper, (fleet) operator, holder of the vehicle's registration certificate, driver of the vehicle, or any other third person.

term
itinerary leaf
definition

sequence of sequential itinerary records of the same type all pertaining to a defined set of toll domains

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term
international registrar
definition

company authorized to register Protection Profiles at an international level

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term
mobile roadside equipment
definition

<compliance checking communication> roadside equipment located on-board special vehicles using or standing near the road transport network or hand-held equipment, for the purpose of communication and data exchange with the on-board equipment of passing vehicles

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term
toll domain; EFC domain
definition

area or part of a road network where a toll regime is applied

term
toll scheme
definition

organizational view of a toll regime, including the actors and their relationships

term
EFC point; toll point
definition

location within a toll domain where the OBE has to issue a toll declaration

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term
charge object; EFC object
definition

geographic object where a charge for the use of infrastructure is due according to the definition in the toll regime

term
toll
definition

charge, tax or duty levied in connection to using a vehicle in a toll domain

NOTE The definition is a generalization of the classic definition of a toll as “a charge, a tax, or a duty for permission to pass a barrier or to proceed along a road, over a bridge, etc.” The definition above also includes fees regarded as an (administrative) obligation, e.g. a tax or a duty.

term
urban charge point
definition

physical and geographically limited area equipped with, as a minimum, roadside equipment, gantries, poles and outriggers, powers supply, cabinets and cabling and central equipment communication where the installed equipment performs the necessary data exchange with OBEs passing in the charging direction(s).

NOTE: The Urban Charge Point will also in a more enhanced mode collect information about non-equipped vehicles and vehicle characteristics, e.g. information used for classification.

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term
toll system
definition

off board equipment and possible other provisions used by a toll charger for the collection of toll for vehicles

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term
unexpected observation
definition

observation of road usage, performed by the Toll Charger, which is unknown to the driver or OBE before but might be known after the observation

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term
missed recognition
definition

usage of a charge object, that is not recorded by the system

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term
undetected observation
definition

observation of road usage, performed by the Toll Charger, which is neither known to the driver or OBE before nor after the observation

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term
toll declaration period
definition

period covered by a toll declaration

NOTE 1 to entry If the toll declaration period is set to 24 hr then in the Toll Context Data a single Toll Declaration is submitted for each 24-hr period for each Service User.

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term
trust object
definition

information object that is exchanged between entities to ensure mutual trust

EXAMPLE An electronic signature or an electronic certificate.

term
charge area
definition

anywhere within the width of the carriageway (all lanes in both directions) at the charge point + 1.0 meter outside the carriageway on both sides of the carriageway limited in the travelling direction by the footprint of the DSRC beacons

NOTE The term is also in other references used for describing the whole geographical area covered by the EFC system.

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term
operator
definition

entity involved in the process outside the user

NOTE An operator is a generic term which can be used for a toll service provider or a toll charger.

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OBE personalization
definition

process of transferring personalization assets to the OBE

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term
personalization assets
definition

specific data stored in the on-board equipment (OBE) related to the user and the vehicle

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term
personalization card
definition

set-up card IC card to transcribe individual data such as vehicle information into On-Board Equipment

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term
personalization equipment
definition

specific data stored in the OBE related to the user and the vehicle

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term
fixed roadside equipment
definition

roadside equipment installed at a fixed position along the road transport network, for the purpose of communication and data exchange with the on-board equipment of passing vehicles

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term
payment medium
definition

carrier of payment means, such as paper ticket, IC-card, smart phone or on-board unit (OBU)

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term
transport service provider (TSP)
definition

person, company, authority or abstract entity offering a transport service to the user for which the user has to pay a fee (the fee will in some cases be zero, e.g. emergency vehicles)

term
toll service provider (TSP)
definition

entity providing toll services in one or more toll domains

NOTE 1 to entry In other documents, the terms “issuer” or “contract issuer” can be used.

NOTE 2 to entry The toll service provider can provide the OBE or can provide only a magnetic card or a smart card to be used with OBE provided by a third party (just as a mobile telephone and a SIM card can be obtained from different parties).

NOTE 3 to entry The toll service provider is responsible for the operation (functioning) of the OBE with respect to tolling.

term
communication provider
definition

provider of information transmission services

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term
access credentials (AC_CR)
definition

data that is transferred to on-board equipment (OBE), in order to establish the claimed identity of a roadside equipment (RSE) application process entity

NOTE Access credentials carry information needed to fulfil access conditions in order to perform the operation on the addressed element in the OBE. Access credentials can carry passwords as well as cryptography-based information such as authenticators.

term
point of observation (PoO)
definition

interface, or in general identifiable access to a system, where conformance can be stated and verified

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term
roaming rules
definition

set of attributes for Front Ends according to CEN ISO/TS 17575-4, defining the group of associated EFC contexts and their relationships; and/or for Back Ends according to EN ISO 12855, defining the relations for multi-context EFC domains

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term
proxy
definition

optional component of the Front End that communicates with on-board equipment and processes road usage data into a format compliant with ISO TS 17575 and delivers the data to the Back End

term
average relative charging error (ARCE)
definition

ratio between the sum of computed charges (measurement) associated to a set of vehicles during a certain period of time and the actual charge due (reference) minus 1

term
element
definition

DSRC directory containing application information in the form of attributes

term
overview
definition

attribute and group of data elements providing the information if an EFC context is relevant for a specific vehicle or not

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term
associated EFC context
definition

EFC context for which an individual user has the contractual consent that his or her Front End is interoperable

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term
accepted charging error interval
definition

interval of the relative charging error that the toll charger considers as acceptable, i.e. as correct charging

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term
session
definition

exchange of information and interaction occurring at a specific electronic fee collection station between the roadside equipment and the user/vehicle

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relative time
definition

point in time relative to a defined event e.g. the entrance of a vehicle into an EFC specific area in minutes and/or hours

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term
relative charging error (RCE)
definition

ratio between the absolute charging error and the reference value

NOTE 1 to entry The topic of reference values (actual values) and how to handle them will be dealt with in the examination framework.

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term
representative trip
definition

trips that are of a distance larger than a defined threshold and so have to be considered by the related metrics

NOTE 1 Only trips which exceed the threshold and cover the specific types of roads of the Toll Regime have to be considered.

NOTE 2 The threshold may be defined as zero.

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term
toll regime; EFC regime
definition

set of rules, including enforcement rules, governing the collection of a toll in a toll domain

term
layout
definition

technical description of the location of a tolled object including, if applicable, auxiliary data for determining the vehicle's position relative to the tolled object

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interoperability management (IM)
definition

role that manages the toll charging environment, i.e. defining and maintaining a set of rules that, taken together, defines the policy of a given toll regime or of the overall toll charging environment

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term
toll cluster; EFC cluster
definition

group of toll schemes operating under a common agreement providing interoperability for road users having a contract with a toll service provider being part of the cluster

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term
charging scheme
definition

description of an Electronic Fee Collection system and its context including (but not limited to) the motivation and strategy for the fee collection, the definition of the geographical area, road network or road section where the fee will be collected, vehicles types subject to fee collection, fee payment rules, tariffs, exception handling and enforcement rules, technology to be used, implementation and duration and how the collected fee will be used

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term
simulation of an EFC system
definition

in a simulation of an DSRC-based EFC system, selected behavioural characteristics of the EFC system are represented by a computer model to enable the testing of the EFC equipment in a realistically modelled environment

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term
service
definition

EFC road transport related facility provided by a service provider, normally a type of infrastructure, the use of which is offered to the user, for which the user may be requested to pay

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term
toll service
definition

service enabling users to pay a toll

service enabling users having only one contract and one set of OBE to use a vehicle in one or more toll domains

term
value added service (VAS)
definition

service that is offered in addition to the core service in question thus creating additional value

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continuous toll scheme
definition

toll scheme where the charge is calculated based on the accumulation of continuously measured parameter(s), such as distance, time, etc.

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user complaint
definition

complaints from users related to a specific service provision

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EFC system
definition

system that enables electronic debiting for the use of transport services

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charging system
definition

system for Electronic Fee Collection supporting and fulfilling the requirements of a Charging Scheme

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tarrification
definition

calculation of the tariff

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tariff scheme
definition

set of rules to determine the fee due for a vehicle within a toll domain

EXAMPLE A table that shows the toll for various classes of vehicle.

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transaction
definition

whole of the exchange of information between two physically separated communication facilities

term
transaction model
definition

functional model describing the structure of electronic payment transactions

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charging period
definition

period of time which is used to define the frequency of the Toll Declarations, when Charge Reports are aggregated to form Toll Declarations

NOTE If the Charging Period is set to 24 hrs then in the Toll Context Data a single Toll Declaration is submitted for each 24 hr period for each Service User.

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undercharging
definition

situation where the calculated charge is below the Accepted Charging Error Interval

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overcharging
definition

situation where the calculated charge is above the Accepted Charging Error Interval

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charge-relevant event
definition

event occurring within a tolling system, which is relevant for charge calculation, but not for the detection of a Charge Object itself

NOTE Examples of this type of event are changes in vehicle category or time zone.

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term
road section tolling
definition

tolling principle where the fee is due if predefined sections of roads are used

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successful charging
definition

situation where the User has been correctly charged according to the rules of the system

NOTE For discrete Charging Schemes this means that for a given chargeable journey the Chargeable Events have been correctly identified and for continuous schemes that the Charge determined is within the Accepted Charging Error Interval.

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term
service user; user (SU)
definition

generic term used for the customer of a toll service provider, one liable for toll, the owner of the vehicle, a fleet operator, a driver, etc. depending on the context

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term
toll service user
definition

customer of a toll service provider, i.e. one liable for toll, owner of the vehicle, fleet operator or driver depending on the context

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user account (UA)
definition

centrally or on-board stored transport related service rights of the user in his relationship to a service provider

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toll charger (TC)
definition

entity which levies toll for the use of vehicles in a toll domain

NOTE 1 to entry In other documents, the terms operator or toll operator can be used.

term
issuer
definition

entity responsible for the payment system and responsible for issuing the payment means to the user

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term
toll declaration (TD)
definition

statement to declare the usage of a given toll service to a toll charger

NOTE 1 to entry A valid toll declaration has to fulfil formal requirements, including security requirements, agreed between the Toll Service Provider and the Toll Charger.

term
performance metrics
definition

specific calculations used to describe the charging performance of a system

NOTE These calculations are technology and schema-independent.

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term
charging performance metrics
definition

specific calculations used to describe the charging performance of a system

NOTE 1 to entry These calculations are technology and schema-independent.

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EFC equipment
definition
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test parameter
definition

parameter that specifies one or more characteristics of a system to be tested

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charge parameter change
definition

event occurring within a tolling system, that is relevant for charge calculation, such as change of vehicle category, but not for the detection of a charge object itself

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itinerary freezing
definition

registering an itinerary and undeniably committing oneself to it

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real-time freezing (RTF)
definition

freezing of each itinerary record as soon as its acquisition has terminated using a trusted recorder

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freezing per declaration (FpD)
definition

process that freezes the itinerary related to the toll declaration by sending a cryptographic commit or the whole itinerary to the Toll Charger

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tolled area
definition

geographic area where a toll is applied for use of vehicles

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term
tolled road
definition

road where a toll is applied for vehicles

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tolled road network
definition

road network where a toll is applied for vehicles

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area pricing
definition

charging process based on road usage occurring within a given area

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term
tolled object
definition

distinguished part of a toll domain for which one or more tariff schemata apply

EXAMPLE An area, all public roads within an area, a bridge, a zone, or a stretch of a road (network).

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tolled passage
definition

location where a toll is applied for passing vehicles

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tolled road section
definition

road section where a toll is applied for vehicles

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chargeable event
definition

event in which a vehicle passes through a Charge Object that implies that vehicle has to be charged or a different rate (e.g. price per kilometre) applied

NOTE This event refers to the use of a certain object and not to the mechanisms by which detection is produced.

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MAC_NR
definition

DSRC Message Authentication guaranteeing Non-Repudiation to the Toll Charger

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MAC_TC
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MAC_TSP
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payment claim (PC)
definition

recurring statement referring to concluded billing details made available to the payer by the payee indicating and justifying the amount due

NOTE 1 to entry The payment claim is used by the Toll Service Provider to issue financial objects to its customers (e.g. invoices on behalf of the Toll Charger). A given toll payment claim refers to billing details and takes into account any specific commercial conditions applicable to a vehicle, a fleet of vehicles, a customer of a Toll Service Provider and/or a Toll Service Provider. A valid “payment claim” has to fulfil formal requirements, including security requirements, agreed between the Toll Service Provider and the Toll Charger.