Abbreviations

Results for area 14.6 Automated driving

term
driver support system
definition

driving automation system that is only able to perform part of the DDT

NOTE 1 to entry Driver support systems include level 1 and level 2 driving automation.

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term
automated driving system (ADS)
definition

driving automation system that is able to perform the entire DDT on a sustained basis

NOTE 1 to entry The abbreviated form (“ADS”) is the most preferred form and the alternative form (“Automated Driving System”) uses initial capitals to avoid confusion with the more general “driving automation system”.

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term
autonomous mode
definition

is the mode of operation of the vehicle equipment in which the guidance information comprises the compass (“crow-fly”) direction and distance to the chosen destination; this can be derived from the vehicle current position and the co-ordinates of the destination; the vehicle unit may be in either Autonomous Mode or Guided Mode of operation; usually the Autonomous Mode occurs before reaching the first beacon and after reaching the Departure Point for the destination

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term
dynamic driving task (DDT)
definition

all real-time operational and tactical functions required to operate a vehicle in on-road traffic

NOTE 1 to entry The DDT includes lateral vehicle motion control, longitudinal vehicle motion control, monitoring the driving environment, object and event response execution, manoeuvre planning and enhancing conspicuity.

NOTE 2 to entry The DDT excludes strategic functions such as trip scheduling and selection of destinations and waypoints.

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term
conventional vehicle; automation-equipped conventional vehicle
definition

<driving automation> vehicle designed to be operated by a person during part or all of every trip.

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term
operational design domain (ODD)
definition

set of operating conditions under which a given driving automation system or feature thereof is specifically designed to function

EXAMPLE 1 ADS feature designed to operate a vehicle only on fully access-controlled freeways in low-speed traffic, under fair weather conditions and optimal road maintenance conditions (e.g. good lane markings and not under construction).

EXAMPLE 2 ADS-dedicated vehicle designed to operate only within a geographically-defined area, and only during daylight at speeds not exceeding 25 mph.

NOTE 1 to entry The conditions can include environmental, geographical, time-of-day, and/or other restrictions.

NOTE 2 to entry The conditions can require the presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway characteristics.

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term
in-vehicle driver
definition

driver that performs the dynamic driving task using the vehicle's built-in input devices to control the longitudinal and lateral movement of the vehicle

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term
DDT performance-relevant system failure
definition

malfunction in a vehicle system that prevents the driving automation system from reliably performing its portion of the DDT on a sustained basis

NOTE 1 to entry The malfunction can be internal to the driving automation system or part of another vehicle system.

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term
fallback
definition

<driving automation> response by a person to perform the DDT or by an ADS to achieve a minimal risk condition when the response is triggered upon violation of the defined operational design domain constraints or in response to a DDT performance-relevant driving automation system failure

NOTE 1 to entry This term includes the response of a person to perform the DDT in a manner to quickly achieve a minimal risk condition.

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term
driving automation system
definition

hardware and software system that is able to perform part or all of the DDT on a sustained basis

NOTE 1 to entry In contrast to this generic term for any level 1-5 system, the specific term for a level 3-5 system is “Automated Driving System (ADS).” Given the similarity between the generic term, “driving automation system,” and the level 3-5-specific term, “Automated Driving System,” the latter term is intentionally capitalized when spelled out and reduced to its acronym, “ADS”, as much as possible, while “driving automation system” should not be.

NOTE 2 to entry A driving automation system includes any system capable of level 1-5 driving automation.

NOTE 3 to entry Driving automation levels are defined in ISO/SAE 22736, which is also known as SAE J3016.

NOTE 4 to entry Driving automation levels include “level 1 driving automation”, “level 2 driving automation”, “level 3 ADS”, “level 4 ADS” and “level 5 ADS”.

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term
level 1 driving automation; driver assistance
definition

driver support system that provides either sustained lateral or sustained longitudinal vehicle motion control within a specific operational design domain with the expectation that a conventional driver completes the DDT

NOTE 1 to entry Other driving automation levels include “level 2 driving automation”, “level 3 ADS”, “level 4 ADS”, and “level 5 ADS”.

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term
level 2 driving automation; partial driving automation
definition

driver support system that provides sustained lateral and longitudinal vehicle motion control within a specific operational design domain with the expectation that a conventional driver completes the object and event detection and response

NOTE 1 to entry Other driving automation levels include “level 1 driving automation”, “level 3 ADS”, “level 4 ADS”, and “level 5 ADS”.

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term
fallback-ready user; DDT fallback-ready user (FRU)
definition

<driving automation> person who is able to operate the vehicle if the Level 3 ADS issues a request to intervene or if that person otherwise identifies a condition that requires intervention to perform the DDT

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term
ADS-dedicated vehicle
definition

ADS-equipped vehicle designed for only driverless operation for complete trips

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term
dual-mode vehicle; driving automation dual-mode vehicle
definition

<driving automation> ADS-equipped vehicle designed for both driverless operation and operation by a conventional driver for complete trips

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term
conditional driving automation; level 3 Automated Driving System (Level 3 ADS)
definition

ADS designed with the expectation that the fallback-ready user is available to intervene

NOTE 1 to entry Level 3 ADSs are restricted to operating within a specific ODD.

NOTE 2 to entry Other driving automation levels include “level 1 driving automation”, “level 2 driving automation”, “level 4 ADS”, and “level 5 ADS”.

NOTE 3 to entry The user can intervene due to an ADS-issued request, a DDT performance-relevant system failure, or other reasons.

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term
high driving automation; level 4 Automated Driving System (Level 4 ADS)
definition

ADS that is capable of operating within a specific ODD and providing its own fallback, without any expectation that a human driver will respond to a request to intervene

NOTE 1 to entry Other driving automation levels include “level 1 driving automation”, “level 2 driving automation”, “level 3 ADS”, and “level 5 ADS”.

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term
full driving automation; level 5 Automated Driving System (Level 5 ADS)
definition

ADS that is capable of unconditional (i.e. not ODD-specific) operation and providing its own fallback, without any expectation that a human driver will respond to a request to intervene

NOTE 1 to entry Other driving automation levels include “level 1 driving automation”, “level 2 driving automation”, “level 3 ADS” and “level 4 ADS”.

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term
ADS-equipped vehicle; automated vehicle (AV)
definition

DEPRECATED: autonomous vehicle - vehicle integrated with an ADS

NOTE 1 to entry The terms “automated vehicle” and “AV” are often used in a colloquial form. However, these terms can be used to mean either an “ADS-equipped vehicle” or a “vehicle with an engaged ADS”. The term “ADS- equipped vehicle” is preferred since it is more precise and descriptive in its meaning.

NOTE 2 to entry The term “autonomous vehicle” is also often used in a colloquial form and is even less well defined. The term is particularly problematic because the word “autonomous” has been used for a long time in the robotics and artificial intelligence research communities to signify systems that have the ability and authority to make decisions independently and self-sufficiently. Due to its imprecise and overly broad meaning, use of the term “autonomous vehicle” is discouraged.

NOTE 3 to entry This term can be, and when possible should be, refined by identifying the level of automation. For example, the terms “level 5 ADS-equipped vehicle” and “level 5 automated vehicle” should be interpreted as “ADS-equipped vehicle where the ADS is a level 5 ADS”.

NOTE 4 to entry This term only describes the capabilities of the vehicle, not its operational state. In other words, the term applies as long as the ADS is connected to the vehicle, whether the DDT is actively engaged or not.

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term
remote driver
definition

driver that performs the dynamic driving task without using the vehicle's built- in input devices to control the longitudinal and lateral movement of the vehicle

NOTE 1 to entry A remote driver can use a variety of physical input devices, but none that are built into the vehicle.

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