Abbreviations

Results for area 6 Geographic Data Files and ITS Spatial data

term
Street Address
definition

data model entity that provides the geocoded Street Address of the Road Element

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term
up-to-dateness
definition

closeness in time of the (geographic) data to the present reality

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term
album
definition

collection of related Datasets (logical sub-division) and, if applicable, Volumes (physical sub-division)

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term
application program interface (API)
definition

API ISO context specification interface and set of function calls between application software and data access libraries of vehicle navigation systems

term
service attributes
definition

descriptive information of services

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term
point
definition

zero-dimensional element that specifies geometric location specified by one coordinate pair or triplet

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term
intersection point (IP)
definition

core point representing an intersection, located at places where the road section signature at the location changes

NOTE 1 to entry: The intersection point is one of the three defined core point types.

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term
connection point
definition

location point captured in the location reference core, which forms the start point of a path external to the location

NOTE 1 to entry: Connection points are used to connect a location reference extension to a location reference core and to connect linear locations to form a subnetwork. The connection point is identified using its connection point index.

NOTE 2 to entry: The connection point index is implicitly defined by the order of the points in a location reference.

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term
Building & Facility
definition

data model entity that provides the location and shape of road side features such as a toll gate, or a fixed Road Side ITS station

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term
completeness
definition

extent to which all specified Features are present

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term
travel time
definition

travel time is the actual time required for a vehicle to pass through a specific roadway section in a route

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term
destination location
definition

location to be used as the end location of a journey for a route guidance application

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term
floating-point number
definition

number capable of being specified by the formula M × 10E where M and E are two integers called the mantissa and the exponent, respectively

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term
quad tree
definition

hierarchical data structure which on a next lower level subdivides a given area into four quadrants of the same size where any level has knowledge of its four sublevels and its parent level

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term
D
definition

distance between the predetermined part of the vehicle and the lane boundary

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term
third party data (TPD)
definition

information about services, which is supplied by third party data providers (e.g. tourist or motoring organizations), typically with a rich content of descriptive data

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term
data set
definition

sub division of Album, which in turn can be subdivided into Sections

EXAMPLE Large set of data covering a particular geographic area.

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term
medium unit
definition

object for data storage that can be considered as a physically undivided whole

EXAMPLE One floppy disk, one magnetic tape, a CD, or a DVD.

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term
target node
definition

node at the end of a link towards which exploration takes place for route calculation

NOTE See also source node, origin node, destination node, “from” node, and “to” node. When forward exploration is taking place from the origin of the route, the target node of a link is its destination node. When reverse exploration is taking place from the destination of the route, the target node of a link is its origin node.

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term
data file
definition

collection of related data records having a homogeneous structure

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term
data record
definition

record containing Feature-related data

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term
descriptor
definition

characteristic of a geographic object, usually stored in an attribute

EXAMPLE Road names or road numbers.

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term
road descriptor (RD)
definition

full road number, or a significant substring of the official road name

NOTE The road descriptor is ideally three to five characters in length.

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term
digital map database
definition

structured set of digital and alphanumeric data portraying geographic locations and relationships of spatial features

Note 1 to entry: Typically, such structures represent, but are not limited to, the digital form of hard copy maps. For example, drawings can be imported into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and considered as a form of digital map.

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term
link travel time
definition

travel time of a specific link

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term
recommended route
definition

the recommended route is a route calculated by the CDRG infrastructure and sent to the invehicle unit

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term
traffic information
definition

technical representation of a Traffic Situation within the onboard equipment, accomplished by a number of Traffic Information Reports; this Traffic Information can be displayed to the customer via suitable terminals

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term
Traffic Restriction
definition

data model entity that provides the traffic restrictions such as one way or turn restrictions for route calculation purposes

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Traffic Location
definition

data model entity that contains an external reference (e.g. VICS or RDS-TMC) and is linked to either place or transportation entities

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term
transportation element
definition

any feature from the Roads and Ferries feature theme of the GDF

term
Road Marking
definition

data model entity that provides the shape of painted markings on roads such as lane markings these may be used for display purposes

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term
Road Signage
definition

data model entity that provides the detailed text of the road signage on the Road Element

NOTE 1 to entry: Route Guidance is one of the six application categories elements and joining two intersections, serving as the smallest independent unit of a road network at GDF level 2.

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downlink
definition

the downlink refers to that portion of a communications link used for the transmission of information from the infrastructure to each in-vehicle unit

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term
coordinate pair
definition

set of two coordinates (one longitude value and one latitude value), representing a position on the earth model

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term
dynamic location reference (DLR)
definition

location reference generated on-the-fly based on geographic properties in a digital map database

NOTE Also known as DLR1 because this is the first LRM under dynamic profile.

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term
enclave
definition

small part of an area enclosed by another area, seen from the area to which that part belongs

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term
exclave
definition

small part of an area enclosed by another area, seen from the enclosing area

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explicit area
definition

two-dimensional face on the surface of the earth, with a specified outline either being a simple geometric figure or an irregular outline/polygon

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term
dummy point
definition

optional entity that represents a position along a link where the link crosses a parcel boundary and does not necessarily coincide with a shape point or node

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term
Physical Storage Format (PSF)
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term
geographic data file (GDF)
definition

data model, data specification and exchange standard for geographic data for road transport applications

term
geocoding
definition

software process of matching a street address or other geographic entity against a map database in order to derive the geographic co-ordinates of the address or the associated street segment

term
feature
definition

database representation of a real world object

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term
graph
definition

set of points and a set of arrows, with each arrow joining one point to another, whereby the points are called Nodes of the graph, and the arrows are called the Edges of the graph

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term
core point (CP)
definition

CP point belonging to the location reference core

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term
major roads
definition

major roads are subject to route guidance by the Interactive CDRG system

NOTE These are roads on which management personnel at the traffic control centre consider important such as national highways and other arterial roads with large amounts of traffic.

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term
major link
definition

directed link in a road network

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attribute value
definition

specific quality or quantity assigned to an Attribute

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edge
definition

directed sequence of non-intersecting Line Segments with Nodes at each end

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error rate
definition

percentage of falsehoods

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parallel carriageway indicator (PCI)
definition

non-negative integer which indicates if a road segment contains more than one carriageway in parallel in the direction of interest, and how many

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term
link identifier (link ID)
definition

identifier that is uniquely assigned to a link

NOTE 1 to entry: A link identifier can be arbitrary or can be assigned by convention, to ensure that no multiple occurrences of the same identifier will be used within one instance of a network or map database.

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node identifier
definition

identifier assigned to a node

NOTE 1 to entry: A node identifier can be arbitrary, or can be assigned by convention, to ensure that multiple occurrences of the same identifier will not occur within one network or within the universe of similar networks or databases.

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implicit area
definition

selection of road segments to be referenced belonging to a certain area (subnetwork)

NOTE 1 to entry: One implicit area can be built up of multiple subnetworks that are geographically connected.

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term
information unit
definition

collection of information that may be regarded as an undivided whole

EXAMPLE One data set, one Section, one Layer.

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term
infrastructure
definition

the infrastructure handles communications with each vehicle; installed alongside the road, the infrastructure collects data from each vehicle, provides data to the vehicle and performs any related information processing

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term
interactive two-way communication
definition

following the reception of destination and related information from the in-vehicle unit, the infrastructure provides the in-vehicle unit with information that defines the recommended route, describes route conditions, and provides an estimated travel time to the destination

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term
location reference core
definition

point or set of points that is available in any location reference

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term
simple geometric area
definition

explicit area with an outline defined by a simple geometric figure

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term
simple object access protocol (SOAP)
definition

protocol providing a platform-independent way for applications to communicate with each other over the internet

NOTE SOAP technology relies on XML to define the format of the information and then adds the necessary HTTP headers to send it.

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term
Traffic Message Channel (TMC)
definition

system for broadcast of (digitally encoded) traffic messages on RDS

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term
Application category
definition

basic sub-function within the set of functionality for vehicle navigation and traveller information system applications

NOTE ISO TS 17931 identifies six application categories: positioning; route planning; route guidance; map display; address location; services and POI information access.

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term
feature category
definition

type of representation of a Feature, including Point, Line, Area and Complex Feature

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term
attribute code
definition

alphanumeric identifier for an Attribute type

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relationship code
definition

alphanumerical identifier for a Relationship

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term
complex intersection
definition

intersection that consists at least of two or more junctions and one or more road elements

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term
global record
definition

record that logically precedes the data records and contains control parameters, data definition and documentation necessary to interpret companion data records

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term
district
definition

area regarded as a geographical unit, which is defined by the delivery of a specific public or private sector service

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term
crossroad
definition

data model entity that represents the single instance of the crossing of two named navigable features

NOTE Crossroad relates to the set of links and nodes which comprise the crossing, and to the crossing of the navigable features to a place.

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term
road crossing
definition

location where two or more roads connect or intersect

NOTE 1 to entry: A road crossing can be “simple”, corresponding to one junction, or “complex”, including internal road elements and junctions.

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term
destination node
definition

node at the end of the link toward which travel takes place

NOTE See also origin node, “from” node, “to” node, source node, and target node. When a link is travelled in the direction of topological orientation, the destination node is the “to” node. When it is travelled in the direction opposite topological orientation, the destination node is the “from” node.

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term
intersection
definition

crossing and/or connection of two or more roads

NOTE In GDF, an intersection is a Level 2 representation of a junction which bounds a road or a ferry. It is a complex feature, composed of one or more Level 1 junctions, road elements and enclosed traffic areas. The definition is different from GDF because the location referencing system refers to real-world objects rather than a database definition as defined in GDF.

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linear location
definition

location that has a one-dimensional character

EXAMPLE A road segment.

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term
line feature
definition

one-dimensional Feature defined as a sequence of one or more Edges

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term
LKAS_curvature_rate_max
definition

maximum rate of change of curvature which is allowed for the curve test track

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term
LKAS_curve_time
definition

minimum duration of the curve test after entering the curve

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term
LKAS_Lat_Acel_max
definition

maximum lateral acceleration which is allowed to be induced by a lane keeping action

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term
LKAS_Lat_Jerk_max
definition

maximum lateral jerk which is allowed to be induced by a lane keeping action

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term
LKAS_Offset_max
definition

maximum value by which the outer edges of the tyres of the vehicle are allowed to exceed the lane boundary

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term
logical domain
definition

range of Attribute Values to which a meaning has been assigned

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term
logical unit
definition

collection of data that may be regarded as a logically undivided whole

EXAMPLE One logical record.

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Logical Data Organization (LDO)
term
location referencing method (LRM)
definition

methodology of assigning location references to locations

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local dynamic map (LDM)
definition

a conceptual data store which is embedded in an ITS station and which contains topographical, positional and status information

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magnetic declination
definition

angle between Magnetic North and True North

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term
manoeuvre
definition

ordered sequence of a Road Element, a Junction and one or more Road Elements, and optionally associated with a Traffic Sign

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term
map projection
definition

transformation method used to represent the curved earth surface on a plane

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cartographic feature
definition

data model entity that represents geometrical information for display purposes

NOTE A cartographic feature has non-explicit topology; it has zero-, one- and two-dimensional types, i.e. Display Point, Polyline, and Polygon.

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term
cartographic text
definition

data model entity that stores name text associated with all or part of a cartographic feature

NOTE Cartographic text is language dependent and may contain a suggested display location, orientation, language code, priority (or importance), suggested scale range, and bounding box.

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term
intermediate
definition

point, other than a Node, that defines the shape of an Edge

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landmark
definition

point, line, or area feature, possibly associated with a node or link, that can be used to clarify the directions generated to describe a route

NOTE A landmark may not be in the Services, Administrative Areas, or Public Transportation feature themes of a GDF; a facility in which a service is located may be a landmark.

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term
local street
definition

local streets are all roads other than major roads

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term
place
definition

named area which can be used as part of address location

term
multi-media
definition

any kind of data other than conventional data

EXAMPLE Graphic, audio or visual data.

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term
multi-media object
definition

piece of multi-media to be processed by an application

EXAMPLE A picture, a text, a movie, or a sound.

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term
multi-mode route guidance
definition

multi-mode route guidance provides route guidance under the combined operation of the Interactive CDRG, LDRG and SRG systems

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term
multilink
definition

ordered aggregation of links which are at the same level, are connected in sequence, and share the same functional classification, form of way, direction of travel, and perhaps additional characteristics

EXAMPLE Each link is contained in exactly one multilink.

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Intersection Cost
definition

data model entity that provides the time or monetary cost between the entrance Link and exit Link of Intersection for calculating route

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term
Link Cost
definition

data model entity that provides the time or monetary cost of the Link for calculating route

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Background Imagery
definition

data model entity that provides background images upon which the road network of an area may be displayed

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next point
definition

point that is directly (topologically) connected to a given point, in a direction that is defined by the defined direction of the location

NOTE 1 to entry: A point can have zero or more next points.

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term
positioning
definition

application category that deals with the determination of vehicle location and map matching

NOTE Positioning is one of the six application categories supported by the API.

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route guidance
definition

application category that deals with the generation of graphical, textual, and/or audio instructions for following a planned route

NOTE Route guidance is one of the six application categories supported by the API.

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Advisory Point
definition

data model entity that provides information about an approaching condition on a road that may require some action by the driver of a vehicle

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navigation feature
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navigation service
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attribute name
definition

name associated to an Attribute Type

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feature name
definition

name associated with a Feature Class

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District Name
definition

data model entity that provides the name of a geographic area feature for each Link connected to an intersection

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Intersection Name
definition

data model entity that provides the name of an Intersection. An Intersection may have one or more names corresponding to the direction of entering into the intersection

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navigable feature name
definition

data model entity that represents the name for the transportation element, including GDF road element, GDF ferry connection, GDF junction, GDF intersection

NOTE Navigable feature name is related to places, crossroads, junctions, and road sections.

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relationship name
definition

name associated with a Relationship Type

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non planar graph
definition

graph which is not planar

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rectangle
definition

unit of geographic space defined by two parallels of min./max. latitude and by two meridians of min./max. longitude and that represents the coverage area of the map data enclosed by or located on its outline

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area
definition

two-dimensional, geographical region on the surface of the earth

NOTE 1 to entry: An area can be represented as an implicit area or an explicit area.

term
place
definition

administrative area of the types: Order-i Area, Country, Supra-National Area, Administrative Place A-Z or Named Area Feature of the types: Built-up Area, Named Area, District

term
picture file
definition

this entity is the file of picture object

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offset
definition

pair of values subtracted from all coordinate values in order to shorten these coordinate values

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outlined area
definition

explicit area with an outline defined by segments being either polylines or linear locations

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repeating attribute type
definition

Attribute Type that may have multiple values associated to one and the same instance of a particular Feature Class

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side road bearing
definition
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side road signature
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route planning (RP)
definition

application category that deals with the determination of routes between specified points

NOTE Route planning is one of the six application categories supported by the API.

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condition
definition

information related to link(s) composed of condition type, condition modifiers, and condition scope

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Detailed Special Route
definition

data model entity that provides the detailed information of Special Route such as the ordered sequence of Link and Intersection lists, length of route and fee of toll road

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location reference (LR)
definition

reference label which is assigned to a location

NOTE 1 to entry: With a single LRM, one reference shall define unambiguously and exactly one location in the location referencing system. The reference is the string of data which is passed between different implementations of a location referencing system to identify the location.

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parcel
definition

database partitioning unit corresponding to a certain coverage area, associated with one level and containing data of one or more layers

NOTE A parcel contains (at least) all nodes with positions enclosed by or located on the outline of its coverage area plus (parts of) all links attached to these nodes; it can be partitioned so that the amount of data of a parcel may be nearly the same as that of another.

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subnetwork
definition

plurality of road segments lying in geographical or topological conjunction to each other

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field
definition

specified part of a record containing a unit of data which may be a data element or a data item

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location
definition

simple or compound geographic object to be referenced by a location reference

NOTE 1 to entry: A location is matched to database objects by location definitions, which specify what is meant by a particular location. Without any explicit remark, it is meant to be a linear stretch in terms of topology in the database network without any loops or discontinuities in between (linear location). It might also be only a point in the network as a specialization of a linear stretch with length zero. In addition to that, a location can also be a set of road elements representing an area. This area is expressible by a polygon or a list of linear locations.

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point location
definition

location that has a zero-dimensional character

EXAMPLE A simple crossing.

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area location
definition

two-dimensional location, representing a geographical region on the surface of the earth

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road network location
definition

location which has a one-dimensional and continuous structure, being part of a road network

NOTE 1 to entry: It is a continuous stretch of that road network as realized in the database, which can cover different roads, and can be bounded on either side by an intersection. Alternatively it can be bounded on either side by a position on a road.

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link location
definition

location identifiable by a part of the road network database having one identifier or having a uniquely identifiable combination of attributes throughout the continuous stretch

NOTE 1 to entry: One link location can consist of multiple links.

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items
definition

Named sequences of characters from the DNF character set which are used to form the DNF notation

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polygon
definition

two-dimensional type of cartographic feature

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postal code
definition

data model entity for a government-designated code used to specify regions for addressing

NOTE Postal code is related to link, navigable feature name, place, and POI.

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face
definition

two-dimensional element bounded by a closed sequence of Edges and by zero or more sets of non-intersecting closed sequences of Edges within the first sequence of Edges

NOTE The Face is the atomic two-dimensional element.

term
location point (LP)
definition

core point that bounds or is located on the location

NOTE 1 to entry: Location points can coincide with intersection points or routing points. The start and the end of the location are always represented by a location point. Additional intermediate location points can be created to represent the shape of the location. The location point is one of the three defined core point types.

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Map Data Background
definition

data model entity that provides map database features for background display

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Background
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road
definition

GDF level 2 feature composed of one, many or no road elements and joining two intersections, serving as the smallest independent unit of a road network at GDF level 2

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road
definition

part of the road network which is generally considered as a whole and which can be addressed by a single identification like a road name or road number throughout

NOTE 1 to entry In general, it is a connection within the road network, with or without crossings, which functionally can be considered as a unity. Associated carriageways shall be considered as one road.

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regular parcel
definition

parcel shaped like a rectangle

NOTE Regular parcels on the same generalization level are not intended to overlap.

term
precision
definition

exactness of the measurement of a data value or of the storage allocated to a measured data value

NOTE 1 to entry: Alternatively, the closeness of measurements of the same phenomenon repeated under exactly the same conditions and using the same techniques.

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junction
definition

data model entity that represents a navigable feature which is either a named GDF junction or named GDF intersection, and that relates a named navigable feature to a set of links and nodes and a place

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spatial domain
definition

description of the limits of a geographical area to which a particular set of data belongs spatially

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Figure Element
definition

data model entity that provides the shape data of a cartographic feature for displaying a map

term
road element
definition

linear section of the road network which is designed for vehicular movement having a junction at each end

NOTE 1 to entry: It serves as the smallest unit of the road network at GDF level 1 that is independent.

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pre-coded location reference
definition

location reference using a unique identifier that is agreed upon in both sender and receiver system to select a location from a set of pre-coded locations

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super link
definition

aggregation of linearly connected regular links present in the lowest level as a simplified representation of the road network in higher levels

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accuracy
definition

measure of closeness of results of observations, computations, or estimates to the true values or the values accepted as being true

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precise geometry description
definition

shape along the location, coded on the most detailed level of the digital map, lying in a corridor with a defined perpendicular distance to the great circle connection between two successive points on a location

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connecting network information
definition

by indicating how the links and major roads ahead of the vehicle’s present position are configured, connecting network information realizes Interactive CDRG even for vehicles not equipped with onboard map databases

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Intersection Connecting Point
definition

data model entity for a topological junction of two or more links or end bounding a link

NOTE 1 to entry: A link stores the coordinate value of the corresponding GDF junction.

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matching
definition

translating a location reference to a specific object in a given map database to attempt recognition of the same identified object in both the sender’s and the receiver’s map database

NOTE 1 to entry: Matching is seen as a subsequent part to the method of decoding a location reference adhering to the defined LRM.

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address location (AL)
definition

application category that deals with the task of expressing a real world position in terms of the data representation

NOTE Address location is one of the six application categories supported by the API.

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services and P.O.I. information access
definition

application category that deals with the provision of POI information to the navigation application

NOTE one of the six application categories supported by the PSF and the API

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road section signature
definition

road signature value of the attribute quadruple (functional road class, form-of-way, road descriptor, driving direction)

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Place Reference Point
definition

data model entity that provides a representative point within a Place

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Service and POI Reference Point
definition

data model entity that provides a representative point of a Service and POI

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place relationship
definition

bivalent relationship between place entities, constituting the place tree linking parent and child places ("place A is in place B")

NOTE Place relationship does not imply strict or complete containment. It is attributed as: address significant, official, postal or useful for reverse geocoding.

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area feature
definition

two-dimensional Feature, defined by one or more Faces

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planar graph
definition

graph which can be embedded in a plane, meaning that it can be drawn on the plane so that Edges intersect only at a Node mutually incident with them

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resolution
definition

smallest unit which can be represented fixing a limit to precision and accuracy

term
location reference extension
definition

additional point or set of points, not belonging to the location reference core, available in a location reference under special conditions

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next point relation
definition

ordered pair of points (A, B) for which a direct connection exists from A to B along the path of the referenced location

NOTE 1 to entry: In the road network, a direct connection between points A and B exists when point B can be reached from point A via part of the road network, without visiting intermediate points in the location reference.

This excludes points connected in a GDF graph via a node representing an intersection-not-at-grade. Such points are not considered to be directly connected.

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relationship
definition

semantic or topological interrelation or dependency between locations in the LRS

NOTE Relationships can exist between locations in the LRS. These relationships will generally be structured to allow more sophisticated use of the location reference, such as a topological or hierarchical structure. For example, a county location may be defined as an aggregate of several city locations or a long stretch of road may be an aggregate of several smaller road segments. Referencing the county may be easier than referencing all the cities which make up the county. This allows scalability and ease of use in the LRSs using the LRM.

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extension point (EP)
definition
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traffic assignment
definition

traffic assignment is the distribution of traffic in response to the needs of both the traffic situation and the intents of management personnel at the traffic control centre in order to realize a safe, smoothly flowing traffic environment

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speed of the test vehicles at the start of the test (Vcircle_start)
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segment
definition

straight section of a link connecting two successive shape points, or a shape point and a node, or two nodes where a link does not contain shape points

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road segment
definition

part of a road, having its start and end along that road

NOTE 1 to entry: Important difference between a road section and road segment is that the segment does not necessarily end at intersections.

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section
definition

spatial subset of a Dataset

NOTE The coverage area of a map sheet, confined by geographic coordinates, can be considered a Section.

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semantic relationship
definition

characteristic of a Feature involving other Features

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Road Bridge and Tunnel
definition

data model entity that provides information such as the length, height and slope of bridges and tunnels

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road network
definition

system of roads in a given area

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term
Topological Road Network
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polyline
definition

one-dimensional type of cartographic feature

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composite atribute
definition

complex attribute attribute consisting of two or more atomic values and/or attributes

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side road direction
definition
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junction
definition

elementary element in the road network, connecting two or more road elements

NOTE In GDF terms, it is a Level 1 feature that bounds a road element or ferry connection. Junctions that represent real crossings are at least trivalent (having three roads connected). A bivalent junction may only be defined in case an attribute change occurs along the road (e.g. road name change). A junction is also coded at the end of a dead-end road, to terminate it.

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term
service
definition

data model entity for a commercial activity of interest to travellers as a destination and/or orientation that is associated with road element(s) by which it can be accessed and further described by attributes including (at least) name and type

NOTE A service may be associated with other services by parent/child relationships (many to many). Service is used synonymously with POI within the logical data model.

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bearing (BR)
definition

angle between a reference direction and the direction to an object measured clockwise

NOTE 1 to entry: Unless otherwise specified, the reference direction is generally understood to be geographic north.

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loop
definition

edge which is bounded at both ends by one and the same node

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coordinate
definition

one of an ordered set of N numbers designating the position of a point in N-dimensional space

NOTE 1 to entry: N would be 1, 2, or 3.

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term
connectivity
definition

status of being topologically connected

NOTE 1 to entry: In a graph, two or more edges are said to be connected if they share one or more nodes.

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term
link
definition

directed topological connection between two nodes, composed of an ordered sequence of one or more segments and represented by an ordered sequence of zero or more shape points

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Intersection Link
definition

data model entity that provides the Links in the Intersection used for determining the path through an intersection

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correctness
definition

indication of whether a data item is correctly recorded according to a specified data catalogue

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standard location references
definition

standardized method for referencing geographic locations including points, links between points and geographic areas

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static route guidance (SRG)
definition

under SRG, the vehicle follows a route generated by the in-vehicle unit using only fixed information such as distance and other data stored in onboard map databases

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status location
definition

location to be used to position location-based status information

EXAMPLE A location for speed limit information or traffic level information.

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term
road element side (RES)
definition

basic component of the road section entity that represents left or right side of a link and corresponds to one or more unique combinations of a navigable feature and a house number range

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traffic message centre (TMC)
definition

centre that transmits (receives) messages to (from) the vehicle by any communication means other than short range, vehicle-to-roadside communications (beacons)

NOTE The bulk of these messages are expected to be traffic related.

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term
origin node
definition

node at the end of a link from which travel takes place

NOTE See also destination node, “from” node, “to” node, source node, and target node. When a link is travelled in the direction of topological orientation, the origin node is the “from” node. When it is travelled in the direction opposite topological orientation, the origin node is the “to” node.

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term
degree
definition

number of edges which are incident with a particular Node

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term
valency degree
definition

number of edges which are incident with a particular Node

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term
volume
definition

the smallest physical unit of medium

NOTE A single Volume may contain one or more GDF Datasets depending on Dataset size.

EXAMPLE A magnetic tape, a floppy disk etc.

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symbol
definition

data model entity that represents an icon associated with a cartographic feature

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synchronisation markup language (SyncML)
definition

data synchronisation protocol

NOTE A data synchronization protocol defines the workflow for communication during a data synchronization session when the mobile device is connected to the network. The protocol supports naming and identification of records, common protocol commands to synchronize local and network data, and it can support identification and resolution of synchronization conflicts.

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term
Centrally Determined Route Guidance System (CDRG)
definition

system which provides a driver with step-by-step driving instructions that are similar to those offered by a LDRG

NOTE With a centrally determined system, the routing instructions are determined at an off-vehicle location and transmitted to the vehicle.

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term
Locally Determined Route Guidance System (LDRG)
definition

system which provides a driver with step-by-step driving instructions that are determined by an on-vehicle system

NOTE The system typically consists of a display screen, a computer, routing and guidance software, a navigable map database, and positioning equipment to track the vehicle's location as it proceeds along its path.

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term
location referencing system (LRS)
definition

complete system by which location references are generated, according to a location referencing method, and communicated, including standards, definitions, software, hardware, and databases

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lane width (WL)
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subject vehicle width (WV)
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shape point
definition

position along a link used to more accurately represent its geometric course, bounded by exactly two segments

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topology
definition

properties of spatial configuration invariant under continuous transformation

NOTE In a digital map database this means the logical relationships among map features. It can be used to characterize spatial relationships such as connectivity and adjacency.

term
transcription
definition

rendering of geographic names from a non-alphabetic script into an alphabetic one or vice versa

NOTE The term is also applied to initial recording in script of hitherto unwritten names.

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path
definition

finite, alternating sequence of nodes and edges, such that every arc is immediately preceded and succeeded by the two vertices with which it is incident and in which no vertex is repeated, except (possibly) the first and the last one

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routing point (RP)
definition

point used to reconstruct the location by route calculation

NOTE 1 to entry: RPs are intended to allow point-based matching to the map database of the end user. When such an RP match is found, the location then can be further reconstructed using the connectivity of the road network as represented in the map database of the end user. The routing point is one of the three defined core point types.

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feature class
definition

categorization of a Feature

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place class
definition

attribute of place entity, classifying into highest administrative or geographic division, administrative subdivision, postal, or colloquial (e.g. regions or neighbourhoods)

NOTE Place class can be partially ordered as “place class A is below place class B“. This does not imply strict or complete containment.

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term
feature class code
definition

alphanumeric identifier for a Feature Class

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Lane Shape
definition

data model entity that provides the shape geometry of the lane

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Road Element Shape
definition

data model entity that provides the shape geometry of the Road Element for displaying Road and Positioning

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term
Intersection Link Shape
definition

data model entity that provides the shape of the Intersection Link for displaying a path

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address type
definition

attribute of road section entity that specifies the type of house number ranges

EXAMPLE Distinction between base address, county address, commercial address, etc., or no address.

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attribute type
definition

defined characteristic of a Feature, which is independent of the other Features

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term
Cartographic Feature Type
definition

data model entity that provides cartographic feature by their type (Symbol, Point, Polyline and Polygon)

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floating-point type
definition

type consisting of all possible floating-point numbers plus the two values +∞ and -∞

NOTE The floating-point type is a subset of the real type in ASN.1. The real type accommodates bases other than 10.

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term
relationship type
definition

defined characteristic of a Feature which is dependent on other Features

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term
connection angle (CA)
definition

difference between side road bearing and bearing at a point

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Direction Guide
definition

data model entity that provides the guidance information for a path which is composed of the entrance Link and the exit Link connected to an Intersection

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uplink
definition

the uplink refers to that portion of a communications link used for the transmission of information from each in-vehicle unit to the infrastructure

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term
place level
definition

level associated with places of place classification “administrative subdivision”

NOTE Higher/lower level situations are constituted by the occurrence of a parent/child place relationship between places.

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term
segment
definition

straight section of a link connecting two successive shape points, or a shape point and a node, or two nodes where a link does not contain shape points

term
side road section
definition

road section which is not part of the location to be referenced, but connected to it via an at least trivalent junction

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level
definition

subset of map data resulting from a classification of data of the same semantic content based on the level of detail or density, related to the concept of different map scales

NOTE Level 0 is considered the lowest level (greatest detail); higher levels are numbered level 1, level 2, etc.

EXAMPLE Map display data may be organised into 6 levels representing different zoom scales.

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road section
definition

road segment that is bounded by two intersections and has the same attributes throughout

NOTE Generally the two intersections are different, only in some specific cases are the intersections the same, e.g. a tear-drop street or slip roads inside of complex intersections.

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node
definition

zero-dimensional element that is a topological junction of two or more edges, or an end point of an edge

NOTE A node is created for topologically significant points, such as simple intersections of roads or other linear features including boundaries but also for locations such as electric beacons, kilometre-posts or sensors detecting traffic flows, being significant points specified in a map.

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term
“to” node
definition

node at the end of a link towards which the link is topologically oriented

NOTE See also “from” node, origin node, destination node, source node, and target node. When a link is travelled in the direction of topological orientation, the “to” node is the destination node. When it is travelled in the direction opposite topological orientation, the “to” node is the origin node.

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“from” node
definition

node at the end of a link away from which the link is topologically oriented

NOTE See also “to” node, origin node, destination node, source node, and target node. When a link is travelled in the direction of topological orientation, the “from” node is the origin node. When it is travelled in the direction opposite topological orientation, the “from” node is the destination node.

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term
ground-truth surrogate
definition

reference source of sufficient Completeness and/or accuracy that may be substituted for Field verification when measuring the Completeness and/or accuracy of map database Features, Attributes, or properties

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property
definition

combination of Attribute and Relationship values which pertain to a Feature and which together define a certain characteristic of the Feature

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term
control point
definition

point having known coordinates in the real world and identifiable with a corresponding point in a map or an aerial photograph or satellite image

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Vrel_max
definition

maximum relative vehicle speed at which the system is capable of operating

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layer
definition

certain subset of a Dataset based upon information contents

EXAMPLE Route guidance data may be considered as one layer.

term
roadside beacon (RS)
definition

short-range vehicle-to-roadside communication device with the inherent location feature that if the vehicle is receiving the signal, then the vehicle has to be positioned in a specific, localized area

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source node
definition

node at the end of a link from which exploration takes place for route calculation

NOTE See also target node, origin node, destination node, “from” node, and “to” node. When forward exploration is taking place from the origin of the route, the source node of a link is its origin node. When reverse exploration is taking place from the destination of the route, the source node of a link is its destination node.

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Caution Point
definition

data model entity that provides warning information about an approaching potential hazard on the Road Elements that may require some action by the driver of a vehicle

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primitive
definition

fundamental form from which all other forms can be derived

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cartographic primitive
definition

atomic construction element in a cartographic representation, i.e. Node, Edge and Face

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base map
definition
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basic set of applications (BSA)
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record
definition

implementation dependent construct that consists of an identifiable collection of one or more related Fields

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source material
definition

origin of data in analogue or digital representation, stored on any kind of data medium

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DNF character set
definition

set of characters used in the DNF notation

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map display (MD)
definition

application category that deals with graphical information presentation

NOTE Map display is one of the six application categories supported by the API.

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Location Image
definition

data model entity that provides a background image of the Road Element and the intersection upon which guidance information is displayed

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term
display point
definition

zero-dimensional type of cartographic feature

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reverse geocoding
definition

determination of the address description of a link or node, i.e. determination of an upwards path across the place tree

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