Results for area 1.2 Actors and environment
issue with particles of solid and liquid material ranging from 1nm to 100μm, which remain for some time in the air
especially active, vigorous advocate of a cause, especially a political cause
bus master, which controls flow of data transmission on the bus and/or polls the bus members (slaves)
NOTE Intelligent network node should be able to include bus arbiter functionality. No separate bus arbiters requested, as software may be included in node-software.
physical traffic separator that consists of a wall with a wide, sloped base designed to divert vehicles back into their traffic lane
NOTE 1 to entry Jersey barriers are typically modular. They are typically made of concrete but can also be made with other materials such as plastic filled with water or sand.
entity that is responsible for the definition, implementation or enforcement of security policy
unpaved part of the roadside designed for travel safety purposes
NOTE 1 to entry A verge can separate two lanes of different modes, separate a traffic lane from a ditch, or separate a lane from another safety hazard.
NOTE 2 to entry Roadside, shoulder and verge define similar but slightly different concepts.
material entity that was or is a living organism
certification authority for which public key certificates are issued by the top-level certification authority
NOTE This definition implies that there can be only one “level” of intermediate certification authorities.
natural or legal person trusted to create public key certificates
NOTE See also top-level certification authority and intermediate certification authority.
person who is headed to a destination
device of credit card size incorporating an integrated circuit with microprocessor and memory
object for data storage that can be considered as a physically undivided whole
EXAMPLE One floppy disk, one magnetic tape, a CD, or a DVD.
lane designed for the through movement of cycles
NOTE 1 to entry Cycle lanes are typically much narrower than traffic lanes.
NOTE 2 to entry Cycle lanes are typically part of either a carriageway or a cycleway.
NOTE 3 to entry Cycle lanes could also allow and be designed for motorized vehicles (e.g. e-scooters, mopeds, etc.) with similar performance characteristics as human-powered cycles, subject to local regulations.
collection of electronically stored descriptive records or content units (including facts, full texts, pictures, and sound) with a common user interface and software for the etrieval and manipulation of the data
NOTE 1 to entry The units or records are usually collected with a particular intent and are related to a defined topic. A database can be issued on CD-ROM, diskette, or other direct-access method, or as a computer file accessed through dial-up methods or through the Internet.
NOTE 2 to entry Licensed databases are counted separately even if access to several licensed database products is effected through the same interface.
NOTE 3 to entry A common interface providing access to a packet of serials or digital documents, usually offered by a publisher or vendor, is also to be counted as database. Additionally, the single serials or digital documents are counted as serials or digital documents.
privacy stakeholder that processes PI on behalf of and in accordance with the instructions of a PI processor
part of the roadway that is currently intended for transport purposes
NOTE 1 to entry The travelled way does not include hard shoulders, hardstanding3.1.17), or other areas that are not currently intended for normal operational use. In other words, while these other areas are “designed” for transport purposes, they are not “intended” for normal transport purposes (at present); rather these extra areas exist for safety and other exceptional use conditions.
NOTE 2 to entry While the limits of the roadway are defined by the design of the physical infrastructure and are generally static; the limits of the travelled way can be dynamic, such as in the case of a hard shoulder for emergency use3.4.1) being converted into hard shoulder running3.4.2) operation.
transport means to effect the land transport sector(s) of a cargo
physical traffic control device intended to communicate specific information to road users through a word, symbol, and/or arrow legend
NOTE 1 to entry Road signs do not include highway traffic signals, pavement markings, delineators, or channelization devices.
security authority or its agent trusted by other entities with respect to security-related activities
concrete or abstract thing that exists, did exist, or can possibly exist, including associations among these things
describe different environmental component properties/specifications
certification scheme for mobile phones and wireless devices that are based on 3GPP standards; GCF aims to ensure that a mobile device will work effectively on mobile networks anywhere in the world
<transport service> concurrent operation where transported items can only be received or delivered at stopping points within a pre-defined service corridor
EXAMPLE Airport shuttle.
NOTE 1 to entry The service corridor is defined by the provider, who may impose further restrictions on where stops are allowed.
NOTE 2 to entry The service corridor often includes a communal point of interest (e.g. an airport, transit hub, etc.) as a fixed stopping point.
vehicle that is (partly) electrically powered and operated
NOTE 1 to entry With respect to the TPEG requirements, other electric vehicles such as e-bikes are considered.
NOTE 2 to entry EV batteries can typically be charged at any regular power socket. In case fast charging is required, e.g. during longer journeys, higher demands on the technical infrastructure are made. Specific sockets and high-power connector cables have been developed to allow a simple and secure usage of boost charging stations. It is necessary for the end user to know which options are supported by a charging station. EVs may have an “identity” for electronic readout, e.g. by means of a certificate. Also, other information which can be communicated by an EV to the infrastructure may be relevant for the execution and planning of charging orders. The current battery charge condition, the power requirements during the charging procedure, as well as the cruising range are parameters that may be relevant for the planning of charging orders. The vehicle and charging station can communicate using a connector cable, but also other mechanisms are possible, e.g. using the back-end system of an EV manufacturer, to which an EV is connected (using mobile data connection).
mechanism used to physically separate carriageways
NOTE 1 to entry Mechanisms include various types of barriers, such as walls, rails, pylons, kerbs and ditches, as well as open, unpaved . If two streams of traffic are only separated by paved (including any markings and rumble strips), they share a common carriageway.
heavy-duty commercial vehicle tractor unit which serves as a method of moving trailers (most often semi-trailers) by coupling to the trailer using some sort of mechanical lock system, usually a fifth wheel coupling
NOTE Tractor units can couple to different types of trailers.
entity that occupies three-dimensional
NOTE 1 to entry All material entities have certain characteristics that can be described and therefore this concept is important for ontology purposes.
person who is travelling on foot
lane primarily designed for the movement of pedestrians
NOTE 1 to entry A paved footway is called a “pavement” in the British English.
NOTE 2 to entry Regulations typically allow footways to be used by other ultra-low speed users, such as the users of wheelchairs and strollers.
borderline of the lane that is determined by a visible lane marking; and in the absence of a visible lane marking, by incidental visible road features or other means such as GPS, magnetic nails, etc
NOTE 1 to entry In the case of a visible lane marking, the boundary is at the center thereof.
software that provides comprehensive facilities for application development
small piece of semiconductive material that contains interconnected electronic elements
one who directly receives and can act on ITS data or control products
NOTE 1 to entry An ITS user is one who receives, directly or indirectly, or provides to, the transaction of an ITS service; these users of ITS services must be human, external systems, or another source of data, e.g. detection equipment.
<WS-SecurityPolicy> language that is used to expresses domain specific policy and/or an instance of a web service requirement and policy attachment to relevant WSDL constructs
vehicle meeting the legal requirements to operate in cycle lanes and cycleways
NOTE 1 to entry In some countries, other special lanes could also be open to road cycles, such as bus lanes.
human-powered vehicle not meeting the legal requirements to be driven in cycle lanes
contiguous area of roadway along a road segment
NOTE 1 to entry A carriageway is comprised of one or more traffic lanes [i.e. the usable width3.1.15)] and could include shoulders and lay-bys.
NOTE 2 to entry Carriageways are separated by physical traffic separators.
NOTE 3 to entry When looking at a cross-section3.1.1) of the road reservation, the roadway consists of all of the carriageways.
area above the roadway that is primarily designed for the movement of vehicles
NOTE 1 to entry In practice, the driving space design considers a variety of issues, which can result in suboptimal road segments that violate normal design guidelines. Such locations are typically posted with warning signs, but they are still designed for the movement of vehicles.
NOTE 2 to entry While the driving space is designed with certain vehicle characteristics in mind, local regulations typically allow a wider set of vehicles to use the driving space.
computer or application that requests and accepts data from a supplier computer or application using a protocol
circular material entity that rotates about an axle to facilitate movement of the vehicle
process or program using the communications stack
entity that is external to the ITS service implementation but with which the implementation communicates either to obtain inputs or to which it can send outputs
NOTE 1 to entry A terminator can exist within functional and physical views.
citizen or legal entity who exercises or benefits from the services of the transport system
collection of vehicles travelling together, coordinating their operation, e.g. speed, headway, using V2V communications
NOTE 1 to entry Platoons may consist of a mixture of vehicle types or in special circumstances, a single vehicle type such as freight vehicles (e.g. lorries), public safety vehicles, or public transport vehicles.
intersection that allows travellers to change roads
<junction> movement from an ingress lane to an egress lane
NOTE 1 to entry The term “maneuver” is the American English spelling.
manoeuvre that is vertically separated from one or more manoeuvres that cross its two-dimensional path
vehicle types (private/personal, trucks, transit, emergency, commercial, maintenance, and construction vehicles) as well as non-vehicle-based platforms including portable personal devices (smartphones, PDAs, tablets, etc.) used by travellers (vehicle operators, passengers, cyclists, pedestrians, etc.) to provide and receive transportation information
either a hard shoulder or a soft shoulder
NOTE 1 to entry In some jurisdictions, a shoulder can be used for emergency stops and/or other purposes in addition to providing a clear zone for safety purposes.
NOTE 2 to entry Roadside, shoulder, and verge define similar but slightly different concepts
where two or more roads meet or cross
NOTE 1 to entry Intersections can be associated with zero junctions, such as a motorway crossing a road without any connecting ramps, or can be associated with one or more junctions, such as a diamond interchange.
NOTE 2 to entry Complex intersections can be viewed as multiple intersections by providing separate designations for distinct road links. For example, one model could depict a complex intersection as being associated with multiple junctions; another model could depict the same physical infrastructure as being multiple intersections that are interconnected by different roads, each with its own designator (e.g. “ramp from northbound Road A to eastbound Road B”).
any entity engaged in an economic activity, irrespective of its legal form, that is characterized by number of employees, annual turnover, and/or annual balance sheet which falls below established limits
NOTE 1 to entry Within European Union, fewer than 250 persons, annual turnover not exceeding 50 million euros and annual balance not exceeding 43 million euros. (Commission recommendation of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise.)
junction with at least one grade separated manoeuvre
NOTE 1 to entry The term “interchange” typically refers to the facilities that enable all available manoeuvres at the grade separated intersection, which typically includes multiple junctions.
NOTE 2 to entry The grade separation allows travellers on the link to pass unimpeded through the interchange when congestion is not present.
contractual model where the user is a commercial entity
EXAMPLE 1 A business purchasing monthly public transport passes for its employees.
EXAMPLE 2 A commercial entity using a commercial courier service for package delivery.
material entity that converts energy into mechanical motion
self-propelled vehicle
motorized road vehicle allowed to operate in the same driving spaces as motorized passenger cars
material entity that is not and has never been a living organism
representation of a road network
NOTE 1 to entry Road models for different systems will often define different models. For example, a public transport system can define road links based on the location of bus stops while a traffic system can define road links based on the location of junctions.
part of a paved carriageway that is not a traffic lane, hard shoulder, or lay-by.
EXAMPLE See Figure A.23.
NOTE 1 to entry Hardstanding can include edges of a hard shoulder outside of designated lane markings, slips for future connector roads, etc.
unpaved part of the road reservation not belonging to the carriageway but providing lateral support to it
NOTE 1 to entry Soft shoulders are not normally intended for driving.
NOTE 2 to entry Soft shoulders often have a grass or gravel surface.
geographically defined area that seeks to restrict or deter access by specific categories of high-polluting vehicles to improve the air quality within the geographic area
NOTE 1 to entry The low-emissions zone can be dynamic, allowing the operating entity to change the location, boundaries, or time of the low-emissions zone.
geographic jurisdiction within which a ‘Core System’ provides core services
any kind of site, building, structure, including also service- or supplemental facilities and equipment
person in or on a vehicle
NOTE 1 to entry A vehicle occupant in a stationary vehicle is not necessarily a traveller.
<transport service> concurrent operation where transported items can only be received or delivered at stopping points contained in a pre-defined sequence
EXAMPLE Traditional fixed-route bus line.
hardware, operating system, middleware and application development language, which provide a system environment
short length of paved carriageway at its edge designed to allow a vehicle to draw out of the traffic lanes and stop temporarily
NOTE 1 to entry Lay-bys are not part of a hard shoulder.
NOTE 2 to entry Lay-bys can be used for emergency situations, picking up/dropping off passengers, etc.
operating mode of a hard shoulder that allows operation of general-purpose motor vehicles as an extra lane
entity that delivers one or more ITS service
NOTE 1 to entry Cooperative ITS services often require multiple entities cooperatively working together to provide a unified service where the individual entities are simultaneously ITS service providers and ITS users.
person responsible for the enforcement and monitoring of compliance with the applicable data protection legislation
area legally reserved for road transport purposes and support
NOTE 1 to entry Support includes physical equipment such as safety devices, signage and controller cabinets as well as access by maintenance vehicles and personnel.
NOTE 2 to entry The road reservation includes all carriageways as well as width to allow for roadside devices, shoulders, verges, footways3.3.3), drainage facilities, sound walls, slopes, embankments, etc.
requirement, capability, or other property of a web service (WS-Policy)
comprehensive set of interfaces, services, and supporting formats, plus user aspects, for interoperability and/or portability of applications, data, or people, as specified by information technology standards and profiles
<system> context determining the setting and circumstances of all influences upon a system
NOTE 1 to entry The environment of a system includes developmental, technological, business, operational, organizational, political, economic, legal, regulatory, ecological and social influences.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, 3.8]
added lane which is branched from another lane
portion of carriageway designed to accommodate a single line of moving road vehicles
NOTE 1 to entry The term “lane” is often used to refer to a “traffic lane” when the context is known to be “traffic”.
NOTE 2 to entry A traffic lane can be bi-directional, such as a single lane road, a two-way turn/overtaking lane, or a reversible flow lane.
NOTE 3 to entry Some jurisdictions allow supplemental uses of a traffic lane, such as multiple motorcycles sharing the width of a traffic lane or allowing a bicycle to use the edge of a lane.
<generic> portion of road reservation intended to accommodate a single line of moving material entities along its length
EXAMPLE Traffic lane, cycle lane, sidewalk.
NOTE 1 to entry Lanes are often bounded by lane markings.
NOTE 2 to entry Lanes may be significantly wider than the normal vehicle width to allow variance in lane position of the vehicle as well as for various vehicle dimensions.
NOTE 3 to entry The “lane” nomenclature typically refers to motor vehicle usage, but can also refer to other purposes, such as sidewalks.
lane of travel sharing one lane boundary with the lane in which the subject vehicle is traveling and having the same direction of travel as the subject vehicle lane
vehicle that contains a connected device
specified responsibilities
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2013, 3.2.121]
ITS-S user need expressed as a formal set of interoperability requirements that need to be fulfilled to satisfy a portion of functionality of an ITS application
computer or application which receives and responds to requests for data from client computers or applications using some kind of protocol
interconnected collection of roads
mobile network operator which has responsibility for provisioning and managing a specific SIM
link that represents a contiguous length of a road link characterized by the same physical characteristics
NOTE 1 to entry The definition of road segments is highly dependent on which characteristics are modelled by the implementation. Characteristics that can result in a new road segment include addition or subtraction of a lane, a change in roadway width, the change of road type (e.g. start/end of a bridge), etc.
roadway comprised of exactly one carriageway
NOTE 1 to entry The World Road Association (PIARC) term is “single carriageway road” and is recognized as a preferred term. As per the definitions provided in this document, “single carriageway road segment” is more accurate and is the most preferred term. The term “single carriageway” by itself is not preferred but admitted.
NOTE 2 to entry A single carriageway road segment could have multiple lanes and could allow travel in opposite directions
NOTE 3 to entry The term “undivided highway” is the equivalent American English term.
roadway comprised of more than two carriageways
NOTE 1 to entry The PIARC term is “multiple carriageway road” and is recognized as a preferred term. As per the definitions provided in this document, “dual carriageway road segment”3.1.8) is more accurate and is the most preferred term. The term “dual carriageway” by itself is not preferred but admitted.
NOTE 2 to entry The separate carriageways are typically designed for separate traffic for (often multiple) specific operational reasons, such as direction of travel, category of vehicle (e.g. high occupancy vehicle), local versus through travel, etc.
roadway comprised of exactly two carriageways
NOTE 1 to entry The PIARC term is “dual carriageway road” and is recognized as a preferred term. As per the definitions provided in this document, “dual carriageway road segment” is more accurate and is the most preferred term. The term “dual carriageway” by itself is not preferred but admitted.
NOTE 2 to entry The term “divided highway” is the equivalent American English term and equates to two or more carriageways.
NOTE 3 to entry The two carriageways are typically designed for travel in opposite directions.
<road network> component of a road model that represents a connection between two nodes
NOTE 1 to entry A link can be curvilinear and can have various attributes such as width.
entity or organization that controls the collection, holding, processing or use of personal information
section of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel and parking lanes, or that portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel and parking lanes, but exclusive of the sidewalk, berm, or shoulder even though such sidewalk, berm, or shoulder is used by persons riding bicycles or other human-powered vehicles
vehicle meeting the requirements to operate within the driving space of a road
NOTE 1 to entry Unless indicated otherwise, the term typically refers to vehicles that are allowed to operate in the same driving spaces as motorized passenger cars, according to the legal requirements of the local jurisdictional entity. However, the term can be contextualized for other environments. For example, a bicycle is a “road vehicle” when the “road” is a cycleway.
link that represents a lane of a road link
NOTE 1 to entry A lane segment3.5.10) can start or end at locations other than the start or end of the corresponding road segment (e.g. a lane can start mid-block).
NOTE 2 to entry A lane segment only includes the sequential lane links, it does not include lane links from adjacent lanes.
link representing a contiguous length of a road between two nodes of operational or managerial significance
NOTE 1 to entry The operational characteristics of the nodes would relate to the type of road model. For example, a traffic system can base its road links on nodes that represent junctions and road terminators.
environmental measures of a pavement's running surface including temperature and moisture condition
EXAMPLE Dry, wet, snowy, icy, chemical concentration, oil, etc.
NOTE 1 to entry This information may also include information regarding surface conditions that could be used to compute stopping distances for selected use cases.
infrastructure primarily designed for the use of cycles and separate from a carriageway
NOTE 1 to entry Local legislation can allow cycleways to be used by a variety of low-speed vehicles (e.g. low-speed scooters, skateboards, etc.) and can share usage of other low-speed modes such as pedestrians, horseback riders, etc.
part of the road reservation between carriageways designed for travel safety purposes
NOTE 1 to entry A central reservation can be paved or unpaved and can be equipped with a safety barrier, rails, or other devices.
centre system that allows an entity to monitor and manage the construction and maintenance of road infrastructure
any organic compound or mixture of organic compounds, with the exception of methane having a vapour pressure of 0,01 kPa or more at 20 °C or a corresponding volatility under specific conditions of use
mobile material entity within the road reservation
EXAMPLE Pedestrians, road work personnel, vehicle occupants, occupied and unoccupied vehicles, horses, etc.
junction without any grade separated manoeuvres
aggregation of one or more road links that represents a contiguous length of a road that shares the same management and operational strategies
EXAMPLE A traffic signal timing plan is applied to one road section.
NOTE 1 to entry Different road models can divide the same road into different road sections.
physical hardware engineering object that is a run-time computational resource and generally has at least memory and processing capability
NOTE 1 to entry Run-time software engineering objects reside on nodes; node has some well-understood, possibly rapidly moving, location [a node may be composed of two or more (sub) nodes].
<road network> component of a road model representing a point location of the road network graph
NOTE 1 to entry The point location typically represents a point along the road which can be used to designate the location of a junction, public transport stop, jurisdictional boundary, termination point, etc.
self-propelled or towed motor vehicle used on a highway in interstate commerce to transport passengers or property when the vehicle
a) has a gross vehicle weight rating or gross combination weight rating, or gross vehicle weight or gross combination weight, of 4 536 kg (10 001 pounds) or more, whichever is greater,
b) is designed or used to transport more than 8 passengers (including the driver) for compensation,
c) is designed or used to transport more than 15 passengers, including the driver, and is not used to transport passengers for compensation, or
d) is used in transporting material found by the Secretary of Transportation to be hazardous under 49 USC 5103 and transported in a quantity requiring placarding under regulations prescribed by the Secretary under 49 CFR, subtitle B, chapter I, subchapter C
all ingress lanes on a road link
traffic lane designed for entering a junction
material entity designed to transport people or physical goods by changing its physical position
vehicle not meeting the legal requirements to be driven in traffic lanes or cycle lanes of a road network
part of the surface of the road reservation primarily designed for the movement of vehicles that conform to a specified set of requirements
NOTE 1 to entry A roadway is characterized using a cross-section3.1.1) of a road facility as the roadway characteristics often change along the length of the road. See “road”, “road section”3.5.7), “road segment”, and “road link” for different types of stretches of roadway.
NOTE 2 to entry In practice, the roadway design considers a variety of issues, which can result in suboptimal road segments that violate normal design guidelines. Such locations are typically posted with warning signs, but they are still designed for the movement of vehicles.
NOTE 3 to entry While the roadway is designed with certain vehicle characteristics in mind, local regulations typically allow a wider set of vehicles to use the roadway.
Note 4 to entry The roadway includes any contiguous hard shoulders, hardstanding3.1.17) and reserved lanes3.1.14).
transport mechanism that is able to carry people in special vehicles through a purpose built network, which is usually separate from, but can be part of an existing road network
traffic lane restricted to a specific subset of road vehicles or user categories
EXAMPLE 1 Bus lane.
EXAMPLE 2 High-occupancy vehicle lane.
NOTE 1 to entry A traffic lane may be reserved permanently or under certain conditions or times.
all egress lanes on a road link
traffic lane designed for exiting a junction
all traffic lanes of a carriageway
all means to assemble goods for transportation, storage, handling and product protection in the supply chain which are returned for further usage, including for example pallets with and without cash deposits, as well as all forms of reusable crates, trays, boxes, roll pallets, barrels, trolleys, pallet collars and lids
NOTE 1 The term returnable transport item is usually allocated to secondary packaging. But in certain circumstances also primary packaging may be considered as a form of RTI.
NOTE 2 Freight containers, trailers and other similar enclosed modules are not covered by the term returnable transport item.
NOTE 3 The term returnable transport equipment is considered to have the same definition as the term returnable transport item within an electronic data interchange environment.
<system> individual, team, organization, or classes thereof, having an interest in a system
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, 3.10]
<system> interest in a system relevant to one or more of its stakeholders
NOTE 1 to entry A concern pertains to any influence on a system in its environment, including developmental, technological, business, operational, organizational, political, economic, legal, regulatory, ecological and social influences.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, 3.7]
system which created and sent the DATEX-ASN data packet
system or device which was the source for all of the information in the data packet
NOTE In many cases, this will be the same as the sender, but could be different. For example, a bridge (or proxy agent) may translate between protocols; in this case the bridge (or proxy agent) would be the sender, while the system generating the data would be the origin.
introduction of one or more pollutants into the air
issue with any pollutant which, by its presence in the air, has or may have harmful effects on human health or the environment or annoys the odour
operating mode of a hard shoulder that allows operation of emergency, construction, maintenance, or other special use vehicles or for emergency stopping and is prohibited for other vehicle usage
part of the paved carriageway designed to support traffic loads but not normally intended for driving
NOTE 1 to entry A hard shoulder can be narrow or wide enough for a traffic lane.
NOTE 2 to entry A hard shoulder can have a surface that discourages usage as a driving surface in some countries.
design sprint-like event in which computer programmers and others involved in software development, including graphic designers, interface designers, project managers, and others, often including subject-matter-experts, collaborate intensively on software projects with the goal to create usable software
NOTE 1 to entry Also known as a hack day, hackfest or codefest.
NOTE 2 to entry Hackathons tend to have a specific focus, which can include the programming language used, the operating system, an application, an API, or the subject and the demographic group of the programmers.